<p class="ql-block" style="text-align: justify;">记得自己年少读书时，学校是座旧时的孔庙。时值文革初，校园里石兽、石碑狼迹，或侧或卧，更有残缺者无数。经常和好玩的几位同学，喜欢在斜卧在不平坦地面上的几块巨碑上晃动取乐。有一次好奇地见到教我们美术课的李瑛老师用清水小心仔细地洗清碑文，然后用纸覆在上面，又用棉球蘸着墨汁轻轻地挨排拍打着碑面，那一个个清晰线条的字体显现出来。那些字一个也不认识，当时李瑛说了许多，也不记得了，只晓得那是篆书。这是我生平第一次见到的搨碑。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: justify;">好多年后，我才知道那是唐代大书家，李白的族叔，唐代大书法家李阳冰大名鼎鼎的“铁线篆”《谦卦碑》。又过了好多年，一次我在帝都前门大街的中国书店里闲逛，居然看到《谦卦碑》搨帖影印本，当然它不一定是当年李瑛老师所搨。买了一本，放家里也有好年了。这些天，疫情闹着，宅在家里闲着，又将它翻出来。想起过去读中学的往事，想到那位曾是徐悲鸿学生，孑然一身，孤独终老的李瑛老师己做了古人，不觉有几丝伤感。想到自己退休后无事学习书法，为何偏爱篆书？可能与《谦卦碑》有点关联……</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: justify;">于是开始临习，算是自己对年少的无知，曾站在碑体上晃悠取乐的那段年往事的赎罪；算是给李瑛老师补交一份作业吧，也许会给他那在天孤独的灵魂送去一点点慰籍……</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: justify;"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <h3>曾经校园仅存的大成殿</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">谦卦，地山谦卦，原文</span></h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《谦》：亨。君子有终。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《彖》曰：谦，亨。天道下济而光明，地道卑而上行。天道亏盈而益谦，地道变盈而流谦，鬼神害盈而福谦，人道恶盈而好谦。谦，尊而光，卑而不可逾，君子之终也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：地中有山，谦。君子以裒多益寡，称物平施。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">初六，谦谦君子，用涉大川，吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“谦谦君子”，卑以自牧也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六二，鸣谦，贞吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鸣谦贞吉”，中心得也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">九三，劳谦君子，有终，吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“劳谦君子”，万民服也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六四，无不利，撝谦。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“无不利，撝谦”，不违则也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六五，不富以其邻，利用侵伐，无不利。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“利用侵伐”，征不服也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">上六，鸣谦，利用行师征邑国。</span></h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鸣谦”，志未得也。“可用行师”，征邑国也。 </span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《谦》亨：君子有终。</span>《彖》曰：谦，亨。天</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">道下济而光明，地道卑而上行。</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">天道亏盈而益谦，地道变盈而</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">流谦，鬼神害盈而福谦，</span></h3> <h3>人道恶盈而好谦。谦，尊而光，卑</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">而不可逾，君子之终也。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：地</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">中有山，谦。君子以裒多益寡，称</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">物平施。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">初六，谦谦君子，用涉大</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">川，吉。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“谦谦君子”，卑以自牧</h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">也。</h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"><br></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六二，鸣谦，贞吉。</h3><h3></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>《象》曰：“鸣谦贞<br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">吉”，中心得也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">九三，劳谦君子，有</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">终。吉。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“劳谦君子”，万民服也。</span></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六四，无不利，撝谦。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“无不利，</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">撝谦”，不违则也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六五，不富以其</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">邻，利用侵伐，无不利。<br></span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“利用</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">侵伐”，征不服也。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">上六，鸣谦，利用</h3><h3></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">行师征邑国。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鸣谦”，志未得</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">也。“可用行师”，征邑国也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">唐李阳</span></h3> <h3>冰书</h3> <p class="ql-block">李阳冰（生卒年不详），约生于唐玄宗开元年间。唐代书法家。字少温，谯郡<span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">人。李白族叔，为李白作《草堂集序》。</span></p><p class="ql-block">初<span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">为缙云令、当涂令，后官至国子监丞、集贤院学士。世称少监。兄弟五人皆富文词、工篆书。初师李斯《峄山碑》，以瘦劲取胜。他善词章，工书法，尤精小篆。自诩“斯翁之后”。他所书写的篆书，“劲利豪爽，风行而集，识者谓之苍颉后身。”甚至被后人称为“李斯之后的千古一人”。</span></p><p class="ql-block">《谦卦碑》系李阳冰为当涂县令期间所书并刻石，为其代表作。清代王澍《竹云题跋》称它“运笔如蚕吐丝，骨刀如绵裹铁”。</p><p class="ql-block">康有为《广艺舟双楫》称：“以瘦劲取胜，若《谦卦铭》益形怯薄，破坏古法极矣。”</p><p class="ql-block">余在临习过程中，也深深感受到这一点。其运笔铁线之法可学，当细品琢磨，借鉴之处甚多。不过他在字形变化上的“创新”，随性“破坏古法”之意当甄别，采用亦当慎重。</p>