<p>理解阅读，牛9 3本 牛8重点理解一本</p><p>指读：牛3 10本</p><p>复诉 粉猪2</p><p>动画： 粉猪</p><p>中文：复习第五册二单元，每天十个字卡，古诗两首</p><p>听力：读啥听啥 西游记 </p> <p>读了牛9，关于垃圾的故事，大概了解垃圾分类，，晚饭后探讨了几种有害物体，硫酸，水银，和泡沫，，，，</p><p>看视频，边看边讨论！</p><p>我说这些垃圾，他来分类，比如装有剩饭的饭盒，过期的药怎么分类，还好知道分开来扔！</p> <p>1.Things edible for pigs are household food waste.</p><p>If something is <b>edible</b>, it is safe to eat and not poisonous.</p><p>This kind of mushroom is edible, but that kind is not.</p><p>猪能吃的，是湿垃圾。</p><p>2.Things even pigs don't want to eat are <b>residual</b> waste.</p><p>猪都不吃的，是干垃圾。</p><p>3.Things pigs might die from while eating them are <b>hazardous</b>.</p><p>猪吃了会死的，是有害垃圾。</p><p>Something that is hazardous is dangerous, especially to people's health or safety.</p><p>4.Things that can be sold for money to buy a pig belong to recyclables.</p><p>卖掉能换钱买猪的，是可回收垃圾。</p> <p>我们先区分trash, garbage, rubbish这三个词</p><p>The main difference is that trash is often dry waste, such as boxes, paper bags, plastic bottles.</p><p>其中主要的区别是，trash往往是干的废物，如纸箱、纸袋、塑料瓶。</p><p>Garbage means wet waste. That can rot, such as food waste. Now, however, the two words are often used <b>interchangeably</b> in American English and in British English it corresponds to the word rubbish.</p><p>的</p><p>Things that are interchangeable can be exchanged with each other without it making any difference.</p><p>Garbage意味着湿的废物，是可以腐烂的，如厨余。然而，现在这两个词在美式英语中经常互通使用；而在英式英语中，它等同于rubbish。</p><p> So, a brief conclusion American English: trash (paper, plastic) or garbage (food waste), British English: rubbish.</p><p>所以，简单总结一下</p><p>美式英语用:</p><p>trash(纸、塑料)</p><p>garbage(食物垃圾)，</p><p>英式英语用:</p><p>rubbish（垃圾）</p> <p>接下来我们再来区分一下litter 看过牛9 the litter queen 很好理解！</p><p>If trash garbage rubbish are out of place in a garbage can, and in the street and on the road, it automatically becomes a litter.</p><p>如果trash、garbage、rubbish不在垃圾桶里，而是在街上或者路面上，那么它们就会自动变成litter。</p><p>litter - trash left in the wrong place</p><p>也就是说，litter就是放错地方的垃圾</p><p>For littering, you can even get a <b>penalty</b> (fine).</p><p>乱扔垃圾，你甚至会被罚款。</p><p>A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule.</p><p><br></p><p>We go to the word waste, which means the </p><p>dregs, waste, something unnecessary, unused.</p><p>下面我们继续区分waste这个单词，它意思是残渣，废物，一些人们不再需要的，利用不了的东西。</p><p>它涵盖的不仅仅是垃圾，还有那些人们用不上的丢弃物。上海这次垃圾分类就用了waste。</p><p>junk</p><p>Next word for junk. It is commonly used when talking about junk, trash, garbage. About things that have no value or completely unusable.</p><p>下一个单词是Junk。一般不指垃圾，它通常用于谈论垃圾时，指没有价值或完全不可用的废旧物 </p><p><br></p><p>总结</p><p>trash / garbage / rubbish :</p><p>synonyms designating trash, waste, discard</p><p>都是垃圾、废物、废弃物的同义词</p><p>litter :</p><p>rubbish being in the wrong place</p><p>放在错误的地方的垃圾</p><p>waste :</p><p>the unused or unwanted items</p><p>废物，没利用或不需要的物品</p><p>junk :</p><p>things that have no value</p><p>没有价值的东西</p><p><br></p><p><br></p> <p>垃圾分类主要有以下组合</p><p>garbage/ waste/ trash + sorting/ separation/ classification</p><p>Garbage Classification</p><p>Garbage Sorting</p><p>Recycling</p><p>Refuse Sorting</p><p>Waste Sorting</p> <p>What does this sign mean?</p><p>It means hazardous wast </p><p>Hazardous Waste </p><p>有害垃圾 </p><p>Something that is hazardous is dangerous, especially to people's health or safety</p><p>Styrofoam is a very light, plastic substance, used especially to make containers </p><p>8.</p><p>Many poisonous gases also have other hazardous properties, for example, corrosivity and flammability.</p><p>许多有毒气体还有其它的危险性质，例如腐蚀性和易燃性。</p><p>水银是一种已知的有毒物质。</p><p>Mercury is a known poison.</p><p>柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典</p><p>2.</p><p>水银的密度比水大得多。</p><p>Mercury has a much greater density than water.</p> <p>A corrosive substance is able to destroy solid materials by a chemical reaction.</p><p><br></p><p>Metal is a hard substance such as iron, steel, gold, or lead.</p> <p>Iron corrodes easily. 铁</p> <p>Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet.</p><p>A new international report says pollution remains the largest environment threat to human health.</p> <p>What does this sign mean?</p><p>It means recyclable waste</p><p>Recyclable Waste </p><p>可回收垃圾 </p><p>ADJ-GRADED 可回收的；可再次利用的</p><p>Recyclable waste or materials can be processed and used again.</p><p>...a separate bin for recyclable waste products.</p><p><br></p><p>Paper），塑料（Plastic），玻璃（Glass），织物（Textile），金属（Metal）等</p> <p>What does this sign mean?</p><p>It means other waste</p><p>Residual Waste </p><p>干垃圾 </p><p>Residual is used to describe what remains of something when most of it has gone. </p><p><br></p> <p>What does this sign mean?</p><p>It means kitchen wast</p><p>Household Food Waste</p><p>湿垃圾 </p><p>A household is all the people in a family or group who live together in a house.</p><p>...growing up in a male-only household...</p> <p>N-UNCOUNT 堆肥;混合肥料</p><p>Compost is a mixture of decayed plants and vegetable waste which is added to the soil to help plants grow.</p><p>...a small compost heap.</p><p>一小堆堆肥</p><p>2.</p><p>N-MASS (在花盆中栽培用的)特制土</p><p>Compost is specially treated soil that you buy and use to grow seeds and plants in pots.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>Cut down and compost spent cucumbers, tomatoes and other crops</p><p>将已收获过的黄瓜、西红柿和其他作物的秧蔓割下，制成堆肥。</p><p>柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典</p><p>2.</p><p>All garden waste should be composted and returned to the garden.</p><p>应该把花园里所有枯萎的花草制成堆肥，然后再用它们给花园施肥。</p><p>Rot</p><p>When food, wood, or another substance rots, or when something rots it, it becomes softer and is gradually destroyed.</p><p>If we don't unload it soon, the grain will start rotting in the silos...</p><p>如果我们不立刻把粮食卸下来，它们就会在筒仓里开始腐烂。</p><p>2.</p><p>（尤指木制品的）腐烂，腐败，腐朽</p><p>If there is rot in something, especially something that is made of wood, parts of it have decayed and fallen apart.</p><p><br></p> <p>晚上佩琪中游戏，</p><p><br></p> <p>首先看封面，封面上的字可以让孩子指着读一读 A day in London. </p><p>2.Gran came to stay. The children ran to meet her.</p><p>Q: Which word tells you that the children were enthusiastic/ excited/ pleased to meet Gran?</p><p>A: The word “ran” shows that they were pleased to see her.</p><p>Hooray! said Kipper, I love it when Gran comes to stay. She’s good fun! </p><p>要注意when Gran comes to stay.Gran comes或者Gran came</p><p>She’s good fun！</p><p>I really enjoyed your party - it was such good fun</p><p>03 Gran brought presents for everyone. She gave Mum and Dad an ornament. Kipper had some little golf clubs and Biff and Chip had a keyboard.</p><p>：What presents did Gran bring? 回答：She gave Mum and Dad a decoration. 或者我们把<b>decoration</b>换一个同义词：She gave Mum and Dad an ornament. Kipper got some little golf clubs and Biff and Chip got a keyboard.</p><p>同义词的替换，是咱们学习的重点。同义词积累多了，之后做阅读，就懂得题目和答案之间，</p><p>4.I’ve another surprise for you. (=I have another surprise for you.)继续下面 funny-looking可以替换成odd-looking，如果你用funny-looking 或者odd-looking修饰一个人或者一个东西，就是说这个人或者物品看起来unusual，strange.</p><p>wanted，took，threw，whizzed，shouted.</p><p>有个问题：</p><p>Why did Gran shout “look out!”?</p><p>Gran shouted because the boomerang was heading for the dog. (head: to go in a particular direction)</p><p>whizz: to move or do something very fast（快速移动）</p><p>04</p><p>5.咱们继续往下面读：</p><p>Gran停好车后说，最好的get around=travel的方式就是坐地铁（take the tube）。</p><p>Taking the tube is the quickest way to travel in London and you don’t have to worry about finding a parking space.</p><p>There were lots of people waiting on the platform. 就等于There were crowds of people waiting on the platform.</p><p>6.</p><p>（1）I don’t like heights = I am afraid of heights = I am scared of heights.</p><p>（2）There were hundreds of pigeons in Trafalgar Square and Gran bought（买了） some nuts for the children to feed them. They all rushed around. One of the pigeons pooed on Kipper’s head.</p><p>（3）Oh, thanks very much! The pigeons just gave me a present.（如果鸽子在你头上拉屎，你可以说这句话，很幽默的说法）</p><p>（4）Oh, thanks! The pigeons have just left a present/surprise on the car.（如果鸽子在你的车上拉屎了，你就可以用这句话，也是比较幽默的）</p><p>（5）Now you are not allowed to feed the pigeons in Trafalgar Square.（现在，特拉法加广场已经不让喂鸽子啦！）</p><p>05</p><p>7.咱们继续往下看：奶奶带着孩子们去了有名的“白金汉宫”（Buckingham Palace）</p><p>我们可以把文中的enormous换成vast，magnificent：Buckingham Palace is enormous/vast/magnificent!</p><p>后来大家又去坐船，但是下雨了，户外比较冷。没关系！伦敦特别好的一点是，户外不能玩的时候，还有很多室内的项目可以看。永远不会无聊。</p><p>8.这不，大家来到了室内蜡像馆：</p><p>什么是蜡像馆呢？英文定义是这样的：A waxworks is a wax museum where there are a lot of wax models of famous people for the public to look at.</p><p>The waxworks has wax models of celebrities.（celebrities是名人=famous people）</p><p>文中有句话：You can tell they are models and not real people. tell 看得出来意思</p><p>9.接下来，大家看了维多利亚女王，Biff说女王看起来好严肃哦！Queen Victoria looks very fierce.可以用stern/serious来替换fierce.</p><p>奶奶说：Being a queen is a hard job.我们可以用difficult/demanding/tiring来替换“hard”表示“难”“要求高”“累人”。</p><p>10.叫soot，是“黑乎乎的煤灰”，美国高考（SAT）曾经考过这个词。图里那个扛梯子的孩子是打扫烟囱的人，这是一个很危险的工作。</p><p>fall over：倒了（As she bent down she knocked into the waxworks and they began to fall over.这里是说当奶奶弯腰捡钱的时候，撞到了蜡像，蜡像就倒了。）</p><p>second: a very short period of time（I let you out of my sight for a second, and this happens.我就让你离开我的视线一会会儿，你就整出这么个事儿！）</p><p>A lady ran up. She was very cross with Gran. 这时候，一位女士急忙赶来。她非常生气。这里cross可以换成常见的angry，furious.</p><p>11.继续往下，Never mind=No worries表示没关系。Gran didn’t mean to knock them over.奶奶又不是故意想撞倒那些蜡像。（knock over，撞倒）</p><p>Kipper说他最喜欢的就是坐船。他的原话是这么说的：I liked the ride on the boat best.这里我们可以用一句很地道的英语来表示：</p><p>The highlight of my day today was the ride on the boat even though it was cold.</p><p>hightlight：the best, most important, or most interesting part:最好</p> <p>复诉recycling </p> <p>中午不睡觉咋整</p>