<section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">交流平台</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">交流指导:本次交流的内容是初步学习阅读古典名著的方法,掌握了方法才能达到事半功倍的效果。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">初步阅读古典名著,一般有如下方法:</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 1.<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">抓关键词语、关键部分理解含义,弄清词义,句义也就理解了。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 2.<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">联系上下文、注意时代背景,体会言外之意。这类句子的表面意思好懂,但更深刻的意思就必须结合作者所处的时代,联系上下文才能体会出来。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 3.<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">理解大意。有些词语的意思我们不必反复琢磨,非要找出精准的解释,只需了解大意即可。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 4.<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从影视作品中品悟情感。本单元我们所读过的这几个精彩的故事,都被制作成了影视作品,在闲暇时可以找到相关的影视资料进行观看,再结合课文内容,更深层次地理解某些难懂的语句所要表达的情感。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">语句段运用</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">你能猜出下面词语的大致意思吗?</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">榜文</span> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">印信</span> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">驿站</span> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">郎中</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">店家</span> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">客舍</span> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">货郎</span> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">墨客</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我的发现:大家一定发现了,同一样事物,在古代和现代,人们对其的说法是不一样的。如下面表格所示:</span></span></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">读下面的句子,注意加横线的部分,说说你是怎么知道它们的意思的。</span></span><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="padding-left: 2.2em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="padding-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但有过往客商,可于巳、午、未三个时辰,结伙成队过冈。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">请勿自误</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></h3></li><li style="padding-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">石猴</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">喜不自胜</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,忽抽身往外便走,复</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">瞑目蹲身</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,跳出水外。</span></h3></li><li style="padding-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">众猴听说,即拱伏无违。一个个</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">序齿排班</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,朝上礼拜,都称</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">千岁大王</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></span></h3></li></ul><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我联系上文来理解</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">请勿自误</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的意思:因景阳冈有老虎伤人,所以这份告示肯定是提醒过往客商不要让自己受到伤害。 </span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">石猴进洞发现水帘洞别有洞天,心情肯定高兴,因此</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">喜不自胜</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">体现了石猴此时特别高兴的心情。发现了这么一个大惊喜,石猴要出去告诉众猴这个消息,因此又按照进洞时的方法</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">闭上眼睛,蹲下身子,因此</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">瞑目蹲身</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的意思是闭上眼睛,蹲下身子。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在石猴进洞之前,众猴表明谁能进去且身体无伤地回来,则拜其为王。现如今,石猴提出人要讲信用,按先前所讲,众猴须拜他为王。因此</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">拱伏无违</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">是伏在地上,朝上礼拜,没有违抗的;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">序齿排班</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">是众猴们按年龄长幼来排列顺序。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">下面句子描写的都是本单元课文中的人物,读一读,猜猜写的是谁,说说你的理由。</span></span></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Wingdings; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">l </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">身穿金甲亮堂堂,头戴金冠光映映。手举金箍棒一根,足踏云鞋皆相称。一双怪眼似明星,两耳过肩查又硬。</span></span></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Wingdings; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">l </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">身长八尺,面如冠玉,头戴纶巾,身披鹤氅,飘飘然有神仙之概。</span></span></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Wingdings; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">l </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">身躯凛凛,相貌堂堂。一双眼光射寒星,两弯眉浑如刷漆。胸脯横阔,有万夫难敌之威风;语话轩昂,吐千丈凌云之志气。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我发现:这些句子都是描写人物外貌特点的,我们可以结合课文,从外貌特点这个角度来猜测人物。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我会说:从</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">手举金箍棒一根</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中就可以看出这段话描写的是孙悟空;从</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">头戴纶巾,身披鹤氅,飘飘然有神仙气概</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">可以猜测出是诸葛亮;第三段可以看出描写的是武松,将武松的英雄气概表露无遗。</span></span></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鸟鸣涧</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">[<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">唐</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">]</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">王维</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人闲桂花落,夜静春山空。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月出惊山鸟,时鸣春涧中。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【注释】</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">①<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鸟鸣涧:鸟儿在山涧中鸣叫。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">②<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">闲:安静、悠闲,含有人声寂静的意思。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">③<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空:空寂、空空荡荡、空虚。这里形容山中寂静无声,好像空无所有</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">④<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">惊:惊动,惊扰。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">⑤<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时鸣:时而鸣叫。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【诗意】</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">春天寂静无声,桂花不知不觉地凋落,寂静使春夜的山显得空空荡荡。月亮出来了,鸟儿竟然被月光惊动,不时地在山涧中发出一阵阵清脆的鸟鸣。</span></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">赏析</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">】</span></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">此诗描绘山间春夜中幽静而美丽的景色,侧重于表现夜间春山的宁静幽美。全诗旨在写静,却以动景处理,这种反衬的手法极见诗人的禅心与禅趣。</span></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人闲桂花落,夜静春山空</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,便以声写景,巧妙地采用了通感的手法,将</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">花落</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这一动态情景与</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人闲</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">结合起来。花开花落,都属于天籁之音,唯有心真正闲下来,放下对世俗杂念的挚着迷恋,才能将个人的精神提升到一个</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的境界。当时的背景是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深夜</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,诗人显然无法看到桂花飘落的景致,但因为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">夜静</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,更因为观风景的人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">心静</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,所以他还是感受到了盛开的桂花从枝头脱落、飘下、着地的过程。而我们也似乎进入了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">香林花雨</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的胜景。此处的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">春山</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">还给我们留下了想象的空白,因是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">春山</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,可以想见白天的喧闹的画面:春和日丽、鸟语花香、欢声笑语。而此时,夜深人静,游人离去,白天的喧闹消失殆尽,山林也空闲了下来,其实</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的还有诗人作为禅者的心境。唯其心境洒脱,才能捕捉到到别人无法感受的情景。</span></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">末句</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月出惊山鸟,时鸣春涧中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,便是以动写静,一</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">惊</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鸣</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,看似打破了夜的静谧,实则用声音的描述衬托山里的幽静与闲适:月亮从云层中钻了出来,静静的月光流泻下来,几只鸟儿从睡梦中醒了过来,不时地呢喃几声,和着春天山涧小溪细细的水流声,更是将这座寂静山林的整体意境烘托在读者眼前,与王籍</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蝉噪林逾静,鸟鸣山更幽</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(《入若耶溪》)有异曲同工之妙。鸟惊,当然是由于它们已习惯于山谷的静默,似乎连月出也带有新的刺激。但月光之明亮,使幽谷前后景象顿时发生变化,亦可想见。所谓</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月明星稀,乌鹊南飞</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(曹操《短歌行》)是可以供读者联想的。但王维所处的是盛唐时期,不同于建安时代的兵荒马乱,连鸟兽也不免惶惶之感。王维的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月出惊山鸟</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,大背景是安定统一的盛唐社会,鸟虽惊,但决不是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">绕树三匝,无枝可依</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。它们并不飞离春涧,甚至根本没有起飞,只是在林木间偶而发出叫声。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时鸣春涧中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,它们与其说是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">惊</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,不如说是对月出感到新鲜。因而,如果对照曹操的《短歌行》,在王维这首诗中,倒不仅可以看到春山由明月、落花、鸟鸣所点缀的那样一种迷人的环境,而且还能感受到盛唐时代和平安定的社会气氛。</span></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254); line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">王维在他的山水诗里,喜欢创造静谧的意境,这首诗也是这样。但诗中所写的却是花落、月出、鸟鸣,这些动的景物,既使诗显得富有生机而不枯寂,同时又通过动,更加突出地显示了春涧的幽静。动的景物反而能取得静的效果,这是因为事物矛盾着的双方,总是互相依存的。在一定条件下,动之所以能够发生,或者能够为人们所注意,正是以静为前提的。</span>“<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鸟鸣山更幽</span><span style="max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,这里面是包含着艺术辩证法的。</span></span></h3>