面对疫情,家长如何对孩子进行心理健康教育

美友74695911

<h3><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, &quot;Microsoft YaHei, SimHei&quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 36px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>近段时间,随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的不断发展,家长们多少都有些恐慌、焦虑、紧张、担心等情绪的产生。<span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, &quot;Microsoft YaHei, SimHei&quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 36px; white-space: normal;">成人的焦虑可以通过搜寻科普的资料,交流和理性思考释放焦虑和压力。但与成人不同的是,越小的孩子对不确定的事情敏感度越高,而心理调节机制不成熟,受到认知、表达、情绪调节和经验的限制,孩子更容易有焦虑的情绪。在这样一个特殊时期, 孩子更需要我们帮助他们理解现在所发生的事情,降低他们对于未知变化的焦虑和压力。</span></h3><h1><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, &quot;Microsoft YaHei, SimHei&quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 36px; white-space: normal;"></span></h1><h3><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, &quot;Microsoft YaHei, SimHei&quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 36px; white-space: normal;"></span></h3><h5><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, &quot;Microsoft YaHei, SimHei&quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 36px; white-space: normal;"></span></h5> <h3><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, &quot;Microsoft YaHei, SimHei&quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 36px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;那么,我们可以怎样帮助孩子在疫情期间做好心理的防护,保证他们的心理健康呢?</span><br></h3> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word; white-space: normal; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><font color="#39b54a" style="">1、采用鼓励和强化的方式</font></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word; white-space: normal; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 18px !important;"><strong><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><font color="#39b54a"></font></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 0.48rem;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;对于年龄较小的孩子,采用鼓励和强化的方式,帮助孩子正确洗手、佩戴口罩、鼓励分餐、学习咳嗽和打喷嚏时的礼貌等。</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 0.48rem;">很</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 0.48rem;">多卫生习惯在一开始建立的时候,孩子会产生一些被要求、被约束的感觉,所以可能产生排斥和抗拒。</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;">这时家长不应采取呵斥、吓唬的方式,不必要给孩子增加一些额外的焦虑和压力,而最好采用“</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;">温和的坚持</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;">”,当孩子完成上述行为时,态度上要保持平和耐心,当孩子做到这些行为时,也要并</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;">及时</span></span><span style="font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;">给予表扬和鼓励</span></span><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;">。</span></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word; white-space: normal; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><font color="#39b54a">2、采用游戏的方式</font></span></span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;"><font color="#222222" face="PingFang SC, Arial, \\5FAE软雅黑, \\5B8B体, simsun, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal;"></span></font><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;对</span><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">于年龄稍大一点的孩子,家长可以通过游戏的方式,让孩子做家庭健康的小卫士,监督家人的卫生和疫情防护行为做得够不够好。</span><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">孩</span><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">子自我约束能力较弱,但若把这些要求变成了游戏,并且赋予孩子监督和管理大人的权力,孩子就</span><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">往往</span><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">对这些做法更认同、记得更牢、执行得更好,居家防疫的时间里,家庭氛围也可以变得欢乐有趣。</span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;"><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><font color="#39b54a">3.建立对医护人员的尊重和信赖</font></span><br></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;"><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;通过读新闻、看报道,让孩子了解医护人员的辛劳付出和无私奉献,在孩子心目中建立起对医护人员的尊重和信赖。</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal;">孩子对医院的印象往往都跟生病、打针、吃药等不愉快的经历有关,所以常常害怕医生、害怕去医院。</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal;">通过让孩子了解医护人员的可亲可敬,增强孩子对医生的信任,有利于孩子多听从医生的建议。</span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;"><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><font color="#39b54a">4.积极正面的教育和引导</font></span><br></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;"><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;大一点的孩子,家长可以告诉他医学和科学都不是全知全能的,但科学家在不断努力,不断探索</span><span style="font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">未知、获得进步,让人类更少受疾病的威胁。</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal;">孩子们也要努力学习,争取将来为科学为社会做贡献。</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 7.68px; white-space: normal;">尽管疫情令人痛心,但经过积极正面的教育和引导,孩子们也可以获得正确的健康知识和良好的卫生习惯,伴随其茁壮成长。</span></h3><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"></span></span></h3><h1 style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 18px !important;"></h1><h1><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"></span></span></h1><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"></span></span><p style="margin-bottom: 0.666667rem; line-height: 0.76rem; text-size-adjust: none; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Arial, &quot;\\5FAE软雅黑&quot;, &quot;\\5B8B体&quot;, simsun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 18px !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"><span style="line-height: 1; text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0.48rem !important;"></span></span></h3> <h3><font color="#39b54a">🌎世界卫生组织关于新型冠状病毒的建议</font></h3> <h3>  在这段特殊的时间里,家长们应按照老师的建议合理安排好幼儿的一日作息时间,和孩子一起看书、做游戏、锻炼身体、按时吃饭。保持健康、规律的生活习惯,增强免疫力!在孩子心里种下坚强勇敢、懂得自我保护的种子!</h3> <h3>编辑:丁丹</h3><h3>审核:段莹</h3>