<p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">聊斋里有几则灵兽报恩的故事,如《花姑子》<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">《八大王</span>》<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">《二班》等,今单详表《花姑子》。话说安幼舆(以下简称安某)挥霍好义,喜放生,一日暮归,迷窜山谷中,幸遇一叟,相招至茅庐下榻。叟呼之为“恩主”,命女“花姑子”煨酒飨客,安某见她殆类天仙,不禁目注情动,觑无人时,竟入闺情语挑之,女拒,但复在父前为之遮掩。安某经宿返家,托人造庐求聘,亦寻途自往,至则绝壁巉岩,竟无村落。怅然而归,由此得相思之疾。一夜,花姑子自来,登榻以解相思,曰:“冒险蒙垢,报重恩耳。”</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);"><br></span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">后,花姑子以父将远徙而辞别。安某乘夜潜往,见谷中隐有舍宇,至则有青衣人邀入,花姑子趋出,偎傍之际,安“觉甚膻腥”,女竟抱安颈,“以舌舐鼻孔,彻脑如刺”,翌日被家人发现裸死危崖下。一女郎忽来吊丧,连哭七夜,安某死而复生。见女则花姑子也,因问其故,花姑子始言:安某五年前买獐而放之,是即花姑之父;膻腥女子乃蛇精冒充,花姑父女为报大德,求诸阎罗王,自愿坏道,哀之七日始让安某起死回生。花姑子涕泣而别,安某命人至老崖蛇穴炽杀蛇精,饮其血;后安某于山中遇老媪抱婴儿授之,言乃花姑为其所生之骨肉也。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3> <h3><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">《八大王》是鳖精报恩的故事,买鳖放生的冯生,得到“财”的报偿;</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">《</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二班》是虎精报恩的故事,医治虎疾的殷某,得到“解危救命”的报偿;</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">但这两者都让人很自然地想起“投资与报酬”的功利问题。《花姑子》是</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">獐精报恩的故事,安某得到了性爱、死而复生与儿子的报偿,</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">投资报酬</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">率”最高,但给人的功利色彩感却似乎最淡,而且成为一个深刻感人的故</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事。最主要的原因当然是安某与花姑子之间产生了情爱,但这多少也表示</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">世人对“恩”与“爱”的一种心理混淆。</span></h3><h3><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">一个书生在深夜迷路于荒谷,发现一处人家,看到一位天仙般的美女,情不自禁欲求好合,美女欲拒还迎,最后终于自荐枕席。这原是女狐与女鬼故事的窠白,一种低俗的浪漫爱。但《花姑子》以“重恩”来掩饰“俗爱”,同时反过来,又以“情爱”来冲淡“报恩”中的功利色彩“恩”与“爱”互相渗透,互相补偿,当我们看到花姑子如浪女夜奔时,会想到这是一种“恩”;看到她与阎罗王讨价还价时,又想到这是一种“爱”;俗恩与俗爱的相互“提携”,终于结合成一种高雅脱俗、感人肺腑的“恩爱”。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">獐精与蛇精在深谷中比邻而居,花姑子对安某情深义重,源于五年前安某对其父亲的恩德;而素昧平生的蛇精,对于安某就不老实不客气地抱头吸其脑髓,弃尸危崖。这个蛇精让人想起《白蛇传》里的白娘子,在原来的故事里,白蛇原是取人心肝,让人化为血水的“膻腥妖怪”;直到后来添加了许仙的前身在千年前救她一命的前因,才逐渐转变成类似花姑子“报恩的兽”的美丽爱情故事。人对兽有恩于先,兽始对人报偿于后,而且这种“报”是“盲目的”,安某不顾老叟相招之美意,竟公然入室欲其处子,可谓狼子野心,但花姑子还是“回报”了他。《白蛇传》里的许仙懦弱无能,三番辱骂休弃,但白素贞还是“回报”了他。而更可议的是,原本“好义喜放生”的安某,在吃了蛇亏之后,竟命人炽烧蛇穴,将数百条蛇赶尽杀绝,并且生饮巨白蛇精的血以疗疾,这使他的“好义放生”图穷匕现,成为含有“社会投资”与“预期报酬”的“工具性道德”。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">“恩”与“报”的观念深入中国民间,有选择性的施恩与无选择的回报形成了人间的道德规范。蒲松龄在《花姑子》中虽以人与兽的地位差距来淡化施恩的“选择性”动机,以爱情来掩饰回报的“无选择性”要求,但却淡化不了、也掩饰不了其中的道德疑义。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></h3>