高铁和平绥铁路往事 王芳图文

阿芳

<p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 23px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;.PingFang SC&quot;; color: rgb(69, 69, 69); white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">2019</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">年岁末呼和浩特开往北京的高铁正式通车,正是距1909年京张铁路平绥线开始建设一百一十年时间,从每小时35公里到350公里,这是从平绥铁路到京包线一次历史性的跨越,翻看</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">2018</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">年我曾经写下的平绥铁路的记忆一文更是感慨万千。高铁从呼市到北京</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">2</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">小时</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">18</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">分时间浓缩了中国铁路一百多年的沧桑史!</span></h3> <p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 23px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;.PingFang SC&quot;; color: rgb(69, 69, 69); white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">2018</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">年春分那天,天空灰蒙蒙的,还夹杂着雨雪,我和几个相关人士一行探访了平绥铁路老车站,有许多和平绥铁路相关的人和事呈现出来。我们到达的第一站是白塔老车站。铁路老站深藏在新站背后塞罕区巴彦镇一个叫个黑土凹杂乱的村子里,车站前面和后面有两棵高大的老杨树是车站繁华和衰落的见证者,至今守护着老站。站房上嵌有民国十年陈世华书的匾额“白塔车站</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">PAITA</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">”。像一列火车头,站牌,站房取暖的烟囱伸出房顶像行进中冒着烟的火车头。老白塔火车站现存主体建筑主要是站房、信号房、还有站房后面的站长室及其他公用房,基本保持了历史原貌。是平绥铁路现存的三座老站中的一站。平绥铁路</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">1921</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">年</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">5</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">月</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">1</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">日建成通车,当年白塔火车站即投入使用,</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: &quot;.SFUIDisplay&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">1937</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: &quot;.PingFangSC-Regular&quot;; font-size: 23pt;">年归绥沦陷后,日本侵略者对其进行了局部改造,为防止大青山抗日游击队,修建了多几座碉堡。</span></h3> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1977</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年由于京包线局部改线,白塔老火车站远离铁路线,随遭废弃,但因为做过铁路职工培训技校有幸隐没在一个还没有改造的城市边缘的村中保存至今,2014年成为内蒙古自治区重点文物保护单位,但近一两年才被人们发现和认识到他的价值,寂寞了多年的老站有了越来越多的访客,老站的历史意义和沧桑之美也引起更多人的关注。</span></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在走访老车站的过程中,<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">新旧铁路交汇的同时历史也在我脑海中交汇。</span>&nbsp;由白塔老站也引发了我对平绥铁路历史的兴趣和探究。</span></h3> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">平绥铁路是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1909</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年京张铁路通车后,逐段开展修筑,且边修通边开始投入运营的,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1923</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年延至包头。原称京绥铁路,因</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1928</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月北京更名北平而改称平绥,建国后叫京包铁路。内蒙段铁路沿线的老车站主要有新安庄、丰镇、平地泉、卓资、白塔、包头。平绥铁路对沟通内地跟西北的联系,促进察(察哈尔,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1952</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年撤省)、晋北部与内蒙的经济开发具有重要作用。</span></span><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在内蒙古境内通车最早的车站是丰镇车站,建于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1915</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年,当时的工程局就设在丰镇。在我的记忆中和白塔车站,卓资车站风格大体一致,丰镇车站沿线的官房都用石头砌的,可能避震效果要好些,铁道边的老官房曾经是平绥铁路的一大景观。平绥铁路在丰镇设站带来了丰镇这座处于晋蒙交界小镇的繁荣。在车站附近的盛记巷商号云集,还建起了第一座戏院。可惜前些年老站拆除后,老官房也拆除了,按它的建筑结构和结实程度再立百年也没有问题。</span></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6546875" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/l6mPpUInib22ZnyowPzcNEBb05DjIAla9JLY6ayMo7jZgcXlKk9km976ibic3nfa6HX7ibGJxof7jPex0xQZ3hiaEicQ/640?wx_fmt=png" _width="343px" class="" src="http://localhost:48765/hevc?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2Fl6mPpUInib22ZnyowPzcNEBb05DjIAla9JLY6ayMo7jZgcXlKk9km976ibic3nfa6HX7ibGJxof7jPex0xQZ3hiaEicQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwxpic&amp;type=png&amp;wx_co=1" __sec_open_place_holder__="true" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 343px !important; visibility: visible !important;"></h3> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (画家赵华东记忆中的丰镇火车站)</h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1919年京绥铁路修至苏集,拟在平地泉村建站,由于当时平地泉是外国天主教会在内蒙一带影响最大的地区,外国神父唆使操纵当地教民抵制建站,不得不将车站移至离平地泉十公里有老哇嘴村(今天的集宁南站处),站名仍叫平地泉站。 &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 我们第二站到达卓资山老火车站时天空正下起了第一场春雨,而且雨雪交加,天气阴冷。老站与新站并排而立,那个时段没有客车通过,站台上非常清静,就我们几个采访者。偶尔有货车通过。卓资火车1923年建成开站,1987年新站建成后停止使用。卓资老车站比白塔车站保留的要好,功能齐全,八十多年前的<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">售票处、</span>侯车室原貌还在,旧的长条椅还在。值得庆幸的是由于和老站并排而立没有像白塔老站因为新站改线彻底隐退,消失在铁路线上。</span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.75" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1280" data-copyright="0" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/l6mPpUInib22ZnyowPzcNEBb05DjIAla95uAa30fMWIWzO94n3dC3RED1ZBdCOcl8oo3dd2c4ibpn8ibyoCSIelcw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="343px" class="" src="http://localhost:48765/hevc?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2Fl6mPpUInib22ZnyowPzcNEBb05DjIAla95uAa30fMWIWzO94n3dC3RED1ZBdCOcl8oo3dd2c4ibpn8ibyoCSIelcw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwxpic&amp;type=jpg&amp;wx_co=1" __sec_open_place_holder__="true" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; word-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; width: 343px !important; visibility: visible !important;"></h3> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">作为中国建造的第一条铁路,京绥铁路不仅是当时全国的交通之重,也是全国最赚钱的铁路之一。但从它出现,英俄美日奥等国都对它虎视眈眈,想尽办法想要控制这条铁路。王治良在《京绥铁路工人的一次爱国护路斗争》一文中记载了当时的情况:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1918</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,日本以每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘的高额利息,借给中国</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">600</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">万日元。美国不甘心日本独占这项利益,便收买了京绥铁路局局长陈世华。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,陈世华以京绥铁路代表名义同美国车辆公司代表签订了用</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1245000</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美元购买该公司</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">300</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辆棚车的购车合同。当时商定先付</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">274200</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美元,其余分</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">次还清,年息</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘,每次还</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">万美元。这是一笔居心叵测的交易。据当时统计,京绥铁路经过</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">次短期借款,已经欠债</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3000</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多万元,而</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年京绥铁路全年结余</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">399649</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">元,怎么能偿还得起这笔巨款呢?</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1922</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,美国迫使北洋政府签订了丧权辱国的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">展期合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,将</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘利息改为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,而且规定美国有权举荐有经验的会计员监督车辆的使用和运费收入</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通过这种手段一步步夺取京绥铁路的管理权。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 得知京绥铁路主权被出卖的消息后,铁路工人震惊了。当时,先前被李大钊送入铁路内部的几名共产党人发挥了重要作用。此前,为维护政治和经济权益,他们专门成立了京绥铁路车务工人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同人会</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,何孟雄担任秘书,同时在其他铁路线设立了分会。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事件一出,在</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同人会</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的领导下,一场反对北洋军阀出卖京绥铁路主权的护路斗争打响了,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">300</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多人组成的护国救路团四处散发</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">打倒卖国贼</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">取消亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">誓死不做亡国奴</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的传单,揭露当局出卖京绥铁路主权的行径。他们还打着</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">急起救路</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的白旗,到北洋政府众议院请愿,要求取消亡路合同,严惩交通总长高恩洪。并要求,取消</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">前,全体工人脱离该路所辖,不承认任何工作指令。军阀政府怕事态扩大,只好被迫撤回已经签订的合同,并惩办了向美国订购车辆的京绥铁路局局长陈世华。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在共产党人的努力下,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">取消了,京绥铁路保住了。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1925</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年,北洋政府交通部为利于移民,曾制定规划,指定由京绥铁路局发售移民减价票。但因连年军阀混战,该铁路忙于运兵,而导致收入锐减。不久外患频仍,内弊丛生,更令局方债台高筑,故而发售移民减价票成为一纸空文。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">到了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,南京政府铁道部(成立于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1928</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,首任部长为孙中山之子孙科)前法规委员会委员沈昌(时年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">27</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">岁,系冰心、吴文藻夫妇留美时的同学),派任平绥铁路局局长,为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">振兴路务</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,制定了包括恢复发售移民减价票的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">复兴规划</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。而此时国内开发西北声浪日趋高涨,平绥铁路此举无疑顺应了社会发展潮流。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1934</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月和次年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,平绥铁路当局将重新修订的移民减价票发售办法,两次呈报铁道部,经核准后,于当年执行。办法规定:移民减价票发售日期由每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日起,至</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日止。票价:成人按普通三等车车票之四成核收现款;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">岁以上、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">岁以下者减半;移民之母、妻及不满</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">岁之子女,一律免票。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为了广泛宣传优待移民乘车的章程,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">24</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,平绥铁路局函致冀、豫、鲁、晋、绥(绥远,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1954</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年撤省,并入内蒙古、河北等地)诸省政府,附送该铁路移民减价规则,请通饬所属,予以公布,并附函绥远省各垦务机关,对前来该省之移民妥为照料、安置。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当时上述各省正遭旱、涝、虫、瘟之灾,天灾之外,尚有兵祸。农民迫于生计,不得不携妻带子外出逃难。平绥铁路优待移民乘车之举,在相当程度上取代了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">杀虎口</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”走西口的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通道,这对拯救灾民于水火之中以及促进西北之开发,无论在主观还是实际上,都起到了推动作用。沈士华</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,任国民政府交通部总务司司长,并任管理中英庚子赔款董事会秘书处主任。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1937</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,任浙江省第三区行政督察专员兼保安司令。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">无奈路修成不久,第二次直奉战争爆发,从此频年内乱,铁路忙于运兵导致收入锐减而债台高筑,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">·</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一八</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事变后,外患顿生,内弊丛积,经营管理更是每况愈下。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当局为摆脱困境,于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月派沈昌出任平绥铁路局局长。他临危受命,凭借在铁道部所显现的管理才干和为国效力的一腔热血,到任不久便采取整理债务、严管客货车辆、出售移民减价票、开办旅游业等</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">振兴路务</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">等举措,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">重拳</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">之一乃是整饬沿线治安秩序。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;上个世纪&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三十年代的中国北方兵荒马乱,该线平地泉(今集宁)至归绥(今呼和浩特)间的土贵乌拉、卓资山、旗下营等小车站,除下车旅客屡遭拦路者敲诈抢劫,还常有蟊贼、刁民拆卸风闸(压缩空气自动制动装置)等零件,导致货车因失去制动作用而无法再开行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌多次研究对策采取措施。一是加强警务力量,派路警并联合当地警力,轮番在现场蹲守、巡查,并由专人携带易于被歹人拆卸的零件,赴沿线两侧数十里地以内的所有废旧金属回收摊点,让业主辨别认知,训令不许收购此类金属,若有违反,严惩不贷!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为防利欲熏心之业主继续犯案,检查人员经常杀回马枪,发现确有不法之徒将偷偷收购的零部件弄毁,假作废品藏匿于隐蔽之处,结果受到惩处。盗窃者慑于连番打击,冒险拆卸的东西没人敢收,便因断了销赃之路不得不收手。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1904</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年生于浙江桐乡县乌镇一书香与官宦世家,与冰心、吴文藻夫妇系留美同学。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1927</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年学成回国后历任镇江县长、上海市府及浙江省保安处上校秘书、铁道部购料主任委员及总机厂总经理。抗战爆发奉调大后方,历任西南运输处副主任、交通部材料司司长、叙(叙府,四川宜宾)昆铁路局局长、滇缅铁路督办公署顾问、川滇铁路公司总经理、川滇线区司令官等职;担任中国远征军铁路特派专员随军自缅甸步行至印度,蛮荒跋涉,历尽千难,九死一生。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌凭聪明才智及精通法规并熟知外交条款之势,提前</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年从法国收回滇越铁路经营权,以此卓越贡献被誉为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">铁路精英</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而授勋。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1942</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日因</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">涉历巨险,忧劳致疾</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">突发脑溢血殉职。位于昆明的墓碑毁于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">文革</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2015</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">.</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">天安门阅兵观礼仪式,其</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">80</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">岁的女儿沈蓓应邀从美国赶至参加,并代表父亲领取了抗战胜利</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">70</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周年纪念章。</span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;现存的老车站见证了中国历史的百年沧桑,有许多文化名人曾经在平绥铁路线上留下过足迹。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span>平缓铁路也经历了中国抗日烽火和解放战争的洗礼。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1936</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月,绥远抗战的炮声打响后,著名战地记者方大曾立即到前线采访。这次长达</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">43</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">天的行程,他就是从集宁车站下车到达绥远抗战前线,他全报道绥远抗战,用相机和笔为武器,将前线的消息及时传递到后方,写出《兴和之行》、《从集宁到陶林》、《绥东前线视察记》等稿件。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年冬天在绥远战场采访时,小方出人意料地给母亲寄回一张照片。照片上的他,身着军装,英武帅气。他在照片上写道:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">母亲大人存念</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。他报道了发生在乌兰察布著名著名的红格尔图战役,而就在这个时候他失踪在抗战前线</span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1934年夏天,应平绥铁路局局长沈昌先生的邀请,北平的几位文化界名人组成</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">平绥沿线旅行团</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日,从北平清华园出发,沿平绥铁路,考察中国西北的风土人情,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">山川地理,前后共四十余日。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 平绥铁路是第一条由中国人自己设计、自己修建并经营的铁路,在那个年代,意义不同于一般。再者,沈昌先生希望请些文化名家对平绥线沿途的风光物产等多做些宣传。被邀请的文化名人里,女作家冰心在列。沈昌先生的姐姐沈骊英女士和冰心是留美期间的同学,而沈昌本人和冰心的丈夫吴文藻先生也是留美期间的同学,所以冰心和她的丈夫成了那次旅行的组织者。在冰心的邀请下,文国鼐、雷洁琼、顾颉刚、郑振铎、陈其田、赵澄参加了旅行团,加上冰心及其丈夫吴文藻,共八人,踏上了西去的列车。郑振铎是作家、文学史家、翻译家、也是收藏家;雷洁琼是社会学家、法学家、教育家;顾颉刚是历史学家、民俗学家;吴文藻是社会学家、人类学家;陈其田是经济学家;文国鼐是翻译家;赵澄是摄影家;而冰心是家喻户晓的女作家。旅行团所到之处,先后受到绥远省政府主席傅作义、晋绥军骑兵司令赵承绶等地方军政人士及蒙古上层人士的热情接待。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">时任丰镇车站站长的郑秉璋为郑振铎的老同学,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其中<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">郑振铎和</span>冰心,吴文藻夫妇到了丰镇。</span>&nbsp;郑振铎先生在《西行书简》里写下的对大同的印象和评价,而冰心则把沿途考察所见写成了《平绥沿线旅行记》,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月由平绥铁路管理局出版,后书名改为《冰心游记》,次年由北新书局出版,风靡一时。</span></span></span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;著名记者、作家萧乾的第一次采访也是从平绥铁路起步的。1934年暑假,他认识了平绥铁路货运员孟仰贤。”于是萧乾就成为“黄鱼”——不买票的特殊乘客,他从塞北回来后的特写《平绥琐记》登在《大公报》上,引起当时主管内蒙古事务的傅作义的注意。平绥铁路的采访,是萧乾人生第一次采访。萧乾在他的《文学回忆录》中说,那趟黄鱼旅行是其接触社会现实的开始。(萧乾,蒙古族,中国现代著名记者、文学家、翻译家。历任中国作家协会理事、顾问,全国政协委员,中央文史馆馆长等)。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在解放战争期间中国贺龙、朱德率领的解放大军也沿平绥铁路挺进,平绥铁路经历了解解放绥远的战争洗礼。平绥铁路是一条有着光荣革命历史的铁路。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">出生于呼和浩特土默特左旗什报气村,<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1925</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年参加革命,曾历任绥远省人民政府主席、内蒙古自治区人民政府副主席、</span>青海省委第一书记、中共甘肃省委书记的杨植霖。</span>&nbsp;抗战期间在白塔车站经历了一场虎口脱险记。因为要写回忆录,二十多年前他曾故地重游来到白塔车站。他在《青山足迹</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">——</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">杨植霖回忆录》(</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1995</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年,内蒙古人民出版社出版)中曾经描述到:</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;抗战时期一天黄昏时分,我便想到白塔车站附近去打听一下,摸摸情况。这时天渐渐黑了下来,四处传来阵阵虫鸣。我警惕地摸到车站附近,发现满站都是兵,我疑心是日伪军的先头部队打来了,正想搞个清楚,猛然间身后窜出几个人把我抓住,七拉八扯带到了火车站的一间屋里。不容分说脱走了我的毛衣,把我仅有的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">50</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">元钱也搜走了,简直就是强盗。问我是不是埋炸弹炸了他们,我莫名其妙,我说</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">不知道</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。那个抢我东西的兵一下子把子弹推上膛说:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">朋友,走,送你回老家。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”<br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">你开什么玩笑,快放我走!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我说。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">谁和你开玩笑,走!</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">说着往出推我,我想,这下碰上汉奸了,死也得死个明白,我就使劲拖住他,拼命喊:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">汉奸杀人啦!为什么随便杀人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正在这时,从车站站长室走出一个当官模样的人,在场的人都称他为旅长。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此人喊到“放开他。”就这样杨植霖在白塔车站脱险。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;在解放战争期间中国贺龙、朱德率领的解放大军也沿平绥铁路挺进,平绥铁路经历了解放绥远的战争洗礼。平绥铁路是一条有着光荣革命历史的铁路。</span></span></span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;卓资老车站虽然已经退出了铁路运输的历史舞台,现在成了一个铁路博物馆,那些老物件、老照片陈列着与平绥铁路相关的历史记忆。</span></h3> <h3><span style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">如今平绥铁路成为京包线,成为内蒙通往全国的大通道。集宁已经开通了高铁、动车,京张高铁也即将通车。夕日的老车站见证了中国铁路现代化的进程,许多历史往事留存在老站房里,在卓资老车站建了个铁路博物馆,虽然资料不够丰富,但也留存了平绥铁路的部分记忆,供人们凭吊历史。在呼啸而过的高铁中感受时代快速发展的节奏。草原与北京的时空距离正在缩短,内蒙古的交通发展速度与全国的距离正在缩短,一路风景一路高歌,高铁将带着内蒙古人继续追梦!</span><br></h3>