金秋赏菊

幽泉碧荷

<h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;11月与12月之交,北国早已千里冰封,万里雪飘,而深圳却是天高气爽,金秋艳阳。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;自1984年首次举办,一年一度的菊花展在东湖公园已经展出了35届。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2019深圳菊花展是2019深圳公园文化季的重点活动之一,以“丽菊盈馨,花舞秘境”为主题,以“菊梦”“菊影”“菊韵”作为三大主景点构思,展出树菊、大立菊、悬崖菊、球型菊、盆景菊、品种菊、普通菊、地被菊和荷兰小菊约66000余盆。</h3> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2019年12月2日,我走进东湖公园,融入赏菊的人流。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;小时候,似乎菊花只有黄色和白色,现在才知道:菊花如此多姿多彩。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “菊梦”位于阳光草坪,以蜜蜂采菊蕊为主造型,展现了童话般梦幻的场景,同时结合大型竹艺构架,在草坪上布局出一朵盛开的菊花,展现了菊花飘逸的线条美和丰富的造景艺术空间。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;“菊影”位于钓鱼区,湖面和水中一组动静结合的鲤鱼艺术造型相映成趣,展现了菊花倒映在水中的朦胧美,同时结合光影效果,分别展示阳光下、灯光下、月光下的菊花倩影。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;“菊韵”品种盆景展位于杜鹃园,展出独头菊、9朵菊、30朵菊、70朵菊及大小盆景菊,共计260余个品种。今年的品种菊和盆景菊还增添了背景装饰,结合展示菊花诗词、山水图案的竹帘画和布画装饰。 <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 菊花清新高雅,色泽动人,盛开在百花凋零的深秋,自古以来都是人们喜爱的一种花卉。唐代诗人元稹曾做《菊花》一首:</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 秋丛绕舍似陶家,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 遍绕篱边日渐斜。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不是花中偏爱菊,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 此花开尽更无花。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 表达了诗人特殊的爱菊之情,对菊花历尽风霜而后凋的坚贞品格的赞美。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 三国时期魏国名将、谋士钟会曾做《菊花赋》称:“何秋菊之可奇兮,独华茂乎凝霜。”赞菊花有五美焉:“圆花高悬,准天极也;纯黄不杂,后土色也;早植晚登,君子德也;冒霜吐颖,象劲直也;流中轻体,神仙食也。”</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;钟会所赞的五美,成就了菊花的寓意。</p> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 菊花寓意着<b>天道所在</b>。五美之一“圆花高悬,准天极也”,意思是:圆形的菊花高高悬起,有君临天下之势。钟会认为:悬崖菊是天地之气交感所生,它让人感觉到天道的存在。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 菊花寓意着<b>正直不屈</b>。五美之二“纯黄不杂,后土色也”,是指常见的黄菊花其黄色为五色中的土的代表,是古代帝王家才能使用的颜色,也就是中华民族最高贵的颜色,也叫正色,所以菊花可以象征做人正直,不偏斜。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;菊花寓意着<b>君子之德</b>。五美之三“早植晚登,君子德也”,是指:菊花与其他花卉一起种植,可却甘受寂寞,开在百花凋零之后。表明菊花不与百花争艳,义让群芳,有“花中君子”之美誉。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;菊花寓意着<b>坚定顽强</b>。五美之四“冒霜吐颖,象劲直也”,是指菊花在秋风瑟瑟中绽放,傲然挺立。菊花的这种傲霜精神也正是不畏艰难、坚定顽强精神的象征。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 菊花寓意着<b>吉祥长寿</b>。五美之五“流中轻体,神仙食也”,是指菊花具有轻身延年之效用,在“花中十二客”中被誉为“寿客”。此外,在万木萧疏、群芳凋零时,只有菊花傲然开放,菊花也代表着长寿。 <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宋代诗人郑思肖做《寒菊 / 画菊》</p><p><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 花开不并百花丛,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 独立疏篱趣未穷。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宁可枝头抱香死,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 何曾吹落北风中。</p><p><br></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;唐代诗人李商隐做《菊花》</p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;暗暗淡淡紫,融融冶冶黄。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;陶令篱边色,罗含宅里香。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 几时禁重露,实是怯残阳。&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 愿泛金鹦鹉,升君白玉堂。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 唐代诗人白居易做《咏菊》</p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一夜新霜著瓦轻,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 芭蕉新折败荷倾。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 耐寒唯有东篱菊,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 金粟初开晓更清。</p><p><br></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “兰有秀兮菊有芳,怀佳人兮不能忘。”</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; —— 刘彻《秋风辞》</p> <p>  宋代诗人朱淑贞《菊花》 </p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;  土花能白又能红,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 晚节犹能爱此工。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宁可抱香枝头老,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不随黄叶舞秋风。</p> <p>  宋代诗人史铸做《咏翻集句》</p><p><br></p><p>  东篱黄菊为谁香,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;不学群葩附艳阳。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;直待索秋霜色裹,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;自甘孤处作孤芳。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宋代诗人陆游《九月十二日折菊》</p><p><br></p><p>  黄花芬芬绝世奇,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;重阳错把配萸技。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;开迟愈见凌霜操,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;堪笑儿童道过时。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;唐代黄巢做《不第后赋菊》</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 待到秋来九月八,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 我花开后百花杀。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 冲天香阵透长安,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 满城尽带黄金甲。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 唐代诗人吴履垒做《菊花》</p><p><br></p><p>  粲粲黄金裙,亭亭白玉肤。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;极知时好异,似与岁寒俱。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;堕地良不忍,抱技宁自枯。</p> <p>  明代诗人文征明做《咏菊》  </p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 菊裳茬苒紫罗衷,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 秋日融融小院东。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 零落万红炎是尽,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 独垂舞袖向西风。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宋诗人苏轼做《赵昌寒菊》</p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轻肌弱骨散幽葩,&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 更将金蕊泛流霞。&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 欲知却老延龄药,&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 百草摧时始起花。</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;唐代诗人杜甫做《云安九日》  </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;寒花开已尽,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;菊蕊独盈枝。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;旧摘人频异,</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;轻香酒暂随。</p>