<p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内蒙古草原上,每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月要举行一次规模盛大的那达慕大会和祭祀敖包的活动。敖包,蒙古语意为“堆”、“群”、众多”的意思,是在丘陵、山岳上用石头堆成的圆维形石堆。藏族称其为“玛尼堆”。祭敖包,是蒙古人表示敬仰大自然赐给的恩惠、祭天地日月和山神、土地神的重大节日。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">萨满教崇尚万物有灵,每个灵物都有自己的神偶。敖包是众神偶群聚之地,祭敖包,是对众神偶的崇拜形式:蒙古人尊崇萨满万物有灵的信念,虚诚地从各处检来石头,用衣服兜着一块块地垒成敖包,表明拥有众多的神灵。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">萨满教赋一切神偶人的一切灵性,认为神偶也需要吃、喝,也各有喜怒哀乐;定期祭祀敖包</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">向神灵供奉各种祭品,在萨满率领下,围绕着敖包跳古老的祭记舞,就是愉悦神灵的仪式。</span></h3> <p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">明代以后,蒙古人开始信奉藏传佛教,在堆积敖包时,首先请喇嘛来指点选择方向、地址,再请喇嘛书写藏文经句、护符,将一些贵重的供奉物品装在一个木盒里,一齐放在石堆中。然后,在石堆上插上树枝或蓬窝,再挂上写有藏文经句的彩色布蝠。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关于祭敖包的起源,蒙古人还有多种说法。其一,认为蒙古人在远古时是从森林中走出来的,因怀念过去的山林,就堆积土石成山,上面插上树枝、草木,以为森林;其二,认为敖包中埋着蒙古族英雄祖先的遗骨,敖包是他们的坟墓遗迹,后人为表示对祖先的崇拜而进行祭祀;其三,认为敖包是蒙古部落或氏族的地方保护神,祭记敖包是表示对众多神偶的尊奉;其四</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">继承北方游猎民族崇尚大自然的传统习俗,祭天、祭风雨雷神、祭星、祭火、祭山、祭树神和祭包等。另外,敖包(鄂博),也是划分蒙古各部落、旗的界线与地域的标志。</span></h3> <h3><br></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蒙古人把敖包筑在牧区边界或进出要道路旁,就是作为牧地境界的标记。向人们表明</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牧地是和他们祖先的足迹紧紧联系在一起的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">牧区的边界是神圣的。在旷野无边的大草原上,极日平坦辽阔,四望天苍苍,野花茫,天地相连,在游牧交界之处,垒起石堆敖包为标记,一是,表明这一区域是他们的生存空间;二是,向人们表明,这里是他们神圣的精神家园,是祭己山神、路神的地方。所以,他们用明确的标志物来标明它、敬崇它、不许外人随意来裹续它、侵犯它。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">祭记敖包,多选择在夏、秋水草丰盛,牛羊肥壮时进行。祭祀非常隆重、肃穆、热烈。参加祭教包的牧民们,全家老幼,坐着勒勒车,或骑上高头大马,从四面八方汇聚而来,把带来的黄油、炸果子、牛奶、奶食品和奶酒(自酒)、肉食、奶食等祭品,摆放在敖包前供祭。</span></h3> <p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从前</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在隆重的祭己仪式开始前,喇嘛结队吹奏宗教乐器、乐曲,列队站在左边,牧民群众等站在右边。主祭人大喇嘛穿上袭裳、法衣,戴着法帽,诵经念咒,宣布祭祀开始,先由喇嘛乐队吹响牛腿大号、猛击法鼓,以驱除鬼魅、妖怪。接着参加祭记的人众,跪拜祝福、祈祷,都高声呼喊请神灵接受供奉祭品,同时祈祷神佛保佑,风调雨顺,国泰民安,吉祥如意,草原水草丰美,人畜兴旺。最后,参加祭记的喇嘛、王公、贵族、达官和广人牧民群众,都围着敖包自左向右转三圈。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">倘若当年遇到重大暴风雪天灾或狼害时,祭记者还牵着牛、马、羊、骆驼来,围着点燃的舞火堆转一圈,或把自家当年生下的小牛、马驹、羊羔作为供物,将其“放牲”于旷野,不再牵回家,作为向天地自然界神灵的奉献。这是继承了古代萨满教的遗风。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">祭祀活动分为血祭、酒祭、火祭、玉祭等四种。血祭,是在敖包前请喇嘛念经,宰杀牛、羊;酒祭,将白酒、鲜奶和奶酒等祭品一同供奉在敖包前;火祭,在敖包前点燃干树枝或干牛、马、羊粪的簧火堆;玉祭,将一件或数件古代玉器,供奉在敖包前。无论何种祭祀形式,祭记敖包的前三天,先由主祭者将盛满奶茶的一把铜茶壶和炒米、酥油、奶食品及几枚硬币,摆设在敖包前,做为供品。</span></h3> <p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; text-indent: 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">今天随着社会的发展,广大蒙古牧民科学、文化水平的提高,祭敖包只是作为传统文化习俗的沿袭,逐渐减少了迷信活动的内容。祭礼仪式结束后</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">还要举行传统的赛马、射箭、摔跤和唱歌、舞蹈等民族体育、文艺活动。蒙古族青年男女,借此机会相识交</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">结,谈情说爱,或相约下次再相会,倾诉衷情。祭敖包活动</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">成为蒙古族民间最富民族风俗情趣的文化活动。</span></h3> <h3><br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30px; white-space: normal;">当夜幕降临时,夜雾好似轻轻柔纱笼罩在草原上,悠扬动听的马头琴、火不思等蒙古民间乐器声,在草原上飘荡;人们围坐篝火旁,一边品味着香甜的奶茶,一边尽情地跳舞、唱歌、通宵达旦。</span><br></h3>