精油掺假分析 Adulteration analysis in essential oils(转自植物精油)

若水

<h3><font color="#010101"><p style="text-align: center;">什么是精油掺假?</h3></font></h3> <h3>随着精油行业竞争的加剧,有很多公司正在通过掺假来降低成本,掺假物可以是许多东西,从不挥发的载体油到廉价的合成化学香料,或介于两者之间的物质,这个问题如今变得非常普遍。</h3> <h3>Dr.Robert Pappas</h3> <h3>精油行业主要的化学专家罗伯特·帕帕斯(Dr.Robert Pappas)博士指出,市场上95%的精油都是掺假的。帕帕斯博士经过研究确定了四种精油掺假类型,我们将核心点摘录如下:</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>1.“...non-volatile addition, such as a carrier oil..." ,添加非挥发性添加剂,例如载体油。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>现在这种掺假并不像过去那样普遍,标准的GC / MS气相色谱/质谱分析测试可以鉴别这种掺假。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2.“...blending with less expensive, lower quality oils...",混合便宜和劣质的精油。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>气相色谱法(GC)和质谱(MS)可识别出任何可能的掺假和污染物,在这种情况下,识别精油的完整化学成分以及纯度,无偏的分析是关键。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>3.“...synthetic chemical addition, such as fragrance components...",添加便宜而且易取得的化学合成添加剂,比如香精。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>碳14同位素测试是识别合成化学物质的高效方法。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>4.“...synthetic chemicals made from a natural precursor addition...",由天然前体添加剂制成的合成化学物质,比如:柠檬精油中的柠檬烯制造香芹酮,然后将合成的香芹酮和柠檬烯添加到另一种精油中,例如绿薄荷精油。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>这些全都是天然化学成分,碳14同位素检测法都无法检测出,很难发现。只能使用痕量标记分析法进行识别。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Dr.Robert Pappas and Emily Wright</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>帕帕斯博士在多特瑞2014年年会上阐述了他的研究,后来撰文《ADULTERATION ANALYSIS IN ESSENTIAL OILS》(精油中的掺假分析),该文发表在The International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, Vol 5, Issue 2, Fall 2016 (2016),(国际专业整体芳香疗法杂志、2016年、第2期、第5卷)。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Adulteration 101 speech</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>掺假在精油行业大有”空间“,面对利益的诱惑,掺假是精油行业正在面临的严峻问题。普通消费者仅凭个人的感官判断根本无法辨别,何况诸多精油掺假是消费者完全无法察觉的。人工化学合成掺假是掺假中特别危险的,会对健康造成不利影响,更别提原本打算用来改善健康的初衷。面对这样复杂和严峻的情况,作为一名明智的精油消费者,应该关注如下几点:</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>1、警惕价格异常便宜的精油产品。价格不合理的精油很大可能性是掺入劣质精油,载体油或者人工合成化学物质,避开它是最好的选择。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2、尽量选择通过GC / MS和HPLC等专业检验测试的精油产品。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>3、尽量选择一家声誉卓著的精油公司,这样的精油公司一般不会也不敢冒巨大的声誉价值损失来做掺假行为。</h3> <h3>帕帕斯博士在多特瑞2014年年会上阐述了他的研究,后来撰文《ADULTERATION ANALYSIS IN ESSENTIAL OILS》(精油中的掺假分析),该文发表在The International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, Vol 5, Issue 2, Fall 2016 (2016),(国际专业整体芳香疗法杂志、2016年、第2期、第5卷)。</h3> <h3>掺假在精油行业大有”空间“,面对利益的诱惑,掺假是精油行业正在面临的严峻问题。普通消费者仅凭个人的感官判断根本无法辨别,何况诸多精油掺假是消费者完全无法察觉的。人工化学合成掺假是掺假中特别危险的,会对健康造成不利影响,更别提原本打算用来改善健康的初衷。面对这样复杂和严峻的情况,作为一名明智的精油消费者,应该关注如下几点:</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>1、警惕价格异常便宜的精油产品。价格不合理的精油很大可能性是掺入劣质精油,载体油或者人工合成化学物质,避开它是最好的选择。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2、尽量选择通过GC / MS和HPLC等专业检验测试的精油产品。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>3、尽量选择一家声誉卓著的精油公司,这样的精油公司一般不会也不敢冒巨大的声誉价值损失来做掺假行为。</h3> <h3><font color="#010101"><p style="text-align: center;">罗伯特·帕帕斯是谁?</h3></font></h3> <h3>罗伯特·帕帕斯博士专门从事精油,化妆品,香薰疗法,药物的生产和控制咨询,是精油大学的创始人,该大学拥有目前最大的精油数据库,包含几乎所有(多达数千种)精油的GS / MS分析数据,并且是最大的美国精油化学分析实验室之一。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>罗伯特·帕帕斯博士的介绍我们整理如下:</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Linkedin领英简历</h3> <h3>Dr. Robert Pappas (Dr. P) received his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from The University of Tennessee and B.A in Chemistry from Indiana University. He specializes in natural perfumery, consulting, formulation/duplication and analytical testing services for the cosmetics/personal care, flavor, fragrance, and essential oil/aromatherapy industries. Robert developed the first aromatherapy course to be offered for college credit in the US as well as a the first college course on the chemistry of essential oils to be offered for credit at a state university. He has developed many very successful aromatherapy blends that are recognized internationally for an elite list of companies in the industry including doTerra, Edens Garden, The Lebermuth Company, The Perfumery and many more. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>翻译(翻译内容仅供参考):帕帕斯博士(P博士)获得田纳西大学物理化学博士学位,印第安纳大学化学学士学位。他专门为化妆品/个人护理,香料,香精和精油/芳香疗法行业提供天然香料,咨询,配方/复制和分析测试服务。罗伯特开发了第一门在美国获得大学学分的芳香疗法课程,以及第一门在州立大学获得学分的精油化学大学课程。他开发了许多非常成功的芳疗复配精油,这些芳疗复配精油在国际上被业界公认的知名公司认可,包括doTerra,Edens Garden,The Lebermuth Company,The Perfumery等。 </h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Dr.Pappas is the founder of Essential Oil University (www.essentialoils.org), which hosts The Essential Oil Chemical Reference database, containing thousands of literature references and GC/MS reports for almost any oil. EOU's Facebook page is one of the most followed independent social media sites concerning essential oils in the world. He also is the inventor of the StoveStill, a small-scale home distillation device. He has published many articles and has been a continuous source of inspiration and education for the aromatherapy industry for over 22 years.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>翻译(翻译内容仅供参考):帕帕斯博士是精油大学(www.essentialoils.org)的创始人,该大学托管“精油化学参考”数据库,其中包含成千上万的文献参考以及几乎所有油品的GC / MS报告。EOU的Facebook页面是世界上关注精油最多的独立社交媒体网站之一。他还是小型家用蒸馏装置StoveStill的发明者。他发表了许多文章,并在22年来一直为芳香疗法行业提供灵感和教育。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>主要著述</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>ADULTERATION ANALYSIS IN ESSENTIAL OILS</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>The International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, Vol 5, Issue 2, Fall 2016 (2016)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>ANTIQUE LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OIL FROM 1945, ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ENANTIOMERIC DISTRIBUTION</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Nat. Volatiles &amp; Essent. Oils, 2016; 3(2): 20-25 (2016) SEE PUBLICATION </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>FIRST REPORTING ON THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A NOVEL BOSWELLIA CHEMOTYPE: THE METHOXY ALKANE FRANKINCENSE</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Global J. Front. Sci. Res. B, 16, 9-16 (2016) SEE PUBLICATION </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>FRANKINCENSE OIL AND BOSWELLIC ACID</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>The International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, Vol 1, Issue 3, Winter 2012 (2012)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>SPECTROSCOPIC AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF IONIZED [1.1.1]PROPELLANE AND SOME OF ITS VALENCE ISOMERS: THE KEY ROLE OF VIBRONIC COUPLING</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(41), 14649-60 (2010)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>FIELD UATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FOR REDUCING ATTRACTION BY THE JAPANESE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>J. Econ. Entomol., 102(4): 1551Ð1558 (2009)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>IONIZED BICYCLO[2.2.2]OCT-2-ENE: A TWISTED OLEFINIC RADICAL CATION SHOWING VIBRONIC COUPLING</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Chem. Eur. J., 8, 1074 (2002)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>ARTEMISIA ARBORESCENS - ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: A HIGH-CHAMAZULENE, LOW-THUJONE </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>ESSENTIAL OIL WITH POTENTIAL SKIN-CARE APPLICATIONS</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy, (2001) SEE PUBLICATION </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>UNUSUAL ALKYNES FOUND IN THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULUS L. VAR. DRACUNCULUS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1, 187 (2001)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS DEHN. FROM SOUTH FLORIDA: A HIGH CRYPTONE/LOW CINEOLE EUCALYPTUS</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12, 383 (2000)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>VANILLA ABSOLUTE: A TREASURE LOST</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Scentsitivity, Vol. 9, No. 4, 16 (2000)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>CRYPTIC OILS</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Scentsitivity, Vol. 8, No.4, 20 (1999)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>COMMITTING ADULTERY (ADULTERATION IN THE ESSENTIAL OIL INDUSTRY)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Scentsitivity, Vol. 8, No. 1, 23 (1998)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>PH.D. DISSERTATION</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, (1995)</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>RADICAL CATION PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF BICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTA-2,5-DIENE TO TETRACYCLO[4.2.0.0]OCTANE AND ITS THERMAL RETROGRESSION</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Journal of the American Chemical Society, 114, 8314 (1992) SEE PUBLICATION </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>RADICAL CATION COPE REARRANGEMENT OF 1,5-HEXADIYNE TO 1,2,4,5- HEXATETRAENE</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Journal of the American Chemical Society, 111, 8759 (1989) SEE PUBLICATION</h3> <h3>Essential Oil University精油大学介绍</h3>

精油

掺假

帕斯

博士

疗法

大学

罗伯特

芳香

行业

消费者