探访落日不列颠——告别

三明二中黄逸飞

研学第十四天，今天我们就要返回温暖的家了，回想起这两周经历的各种事，最强烈的就是新鲜感。我们还有好多的事物没有经历过，对这座待了十余天的城市依然充满着强烈的求知欲，仿佛到达时就是昨天。

On the fourteenth day of our study, today we are going back to our warm home. In retrospect of the past two weeks, the most powerful thing is the sense of novelty. There are many things we haven't experienced yet. We still have a strong sense of Thirst for knowledge about this city which has been staying for more than ten days, as if it was yesterday when we arrived.

早餐。

Breakfast

早上没有活动，同学们可以自由安排时间。时间还很富裕，于是老师就带着我们去附近公园边的战争博物馆参观了一下。

There are no activities in the morning. Students can arrange their time freely. Time is still very rich, so the teacher took us to visit the War Museum near the park.

博物馆分为上、中、下三层，中层是一个大型展厅。馆内还有坑道模拟展厅、一战纪念展厅，伦敦大空袭模拟展厅。展区有英国在两次世界大战中使用过的武器，以及参战的描述，比如有关太平洋战争的图片，各种有关战争的武器和资料等，许许多多的文物向人们讲述着百年来的战争史。

The museum is divided into upper, middle and lower floors. The middle floor is a large exhibition hall. There are also tunnel simulation exhibition hall, World War I Memorial Exhibition hall, and London air raid simulation exhibition hall. The exhibition area includes the weapons used by Britain in the two world wars, as well as deions of its participation in the war, such as pictures of the Pacific War, various weapons and materials related to the war, and many cultural relics tell people about the history of the war over the past century.

在英国，每年的11月11日11时11分，英国人都要默哀肃立，悼念那些为国捐躯的将士们。在和平时期，这个民族仍然记着战争。

有的历史学家说：英国史就是战争史。

几个世纪以来，欧洲到全球范围内规模较大的战争，大都能看到英国人的影子。战争为大英帝国带来了财富，也带来了伤痛。

In Britain, at 11:11 on November 11 every year, the British people stand in silence to mourn the soldiers who died for their country. In peacetime, this nation still remembers war.

Some historians say that British history is the history of war.

For centuries, most of the larger wars in Europe and around the world have seen the shadow of the British. War brought wealth and pain to the British Empire.

在博物馆的大门前，还放置着那尊曾安装在英国海军最先进的皇家伊丽莎白军舰上的巨型大炮。这尊造于1914年的大炮，重达100吨，射程60km，是当时世界上最先进的大炮。大炮旁边还摆放着几枚巨型炮弹。

In front of the museum's door, there is also the huge cannon that was installed on the most advanced Royal Elizabeth warship of the British Navy. This artillery, built in 1914, weighs 100 tons and has a range of 60 km. It was the most advanced artillery in the world at that time. Several large shells were placed beside the cannon.

这是三菱A6M战斗机，是日本军事实力的象征。它设计用于航空母舰，武装精良，速度快，重量轻，由铝合金制成。

战后50年，这架日本零号战斗机的残骸在太平洋岛屿上被发现。

这架飞机于1943年制造，由日本帝国海军从马绍尔群岛塔拉的大型空军基地起飞。它在战斗中被严重损坏。但日本缺乏资源，而且在为飞机提供备件方面存在问题，这意味着它无法修复。飞机上还发现了一朵干枯的莲花，它被日本飞行员随身携带，以求好运

This is Mitsubishi A6M fighter aircraft, is a symbol of Japan's military strength. It is designed for aircraft carriers, well armed, fast, light weight, made of aluminium alloy.

Fifty years after the war, the wreckage of the Japanese fighter No. 0 was found on the Pacific island.

The aircraft was built in 1943 and was taken off by the Imperial Navy of Japan from a large air base in Tara, Marshall Islands. It was badly damaged in battle. But Japan lacks resources and has problems in providing spare parts for aircraft, which means it cannot be repaired. A dried lotus flower was also found on the plane, which was carried by Japanese pilots for good luck.

这辆谢尔曼M4A4坦克和警卫装甲师一起降落在诺曼底。它由美国制造，英国军队使用，是盟军在1944-1945年共同努力解放欧洲的象征。

法国、比利时和荷兰的战斗持续了整个冬天。1945年2月盟军移动至德国，在双方的攻击下，西德军队最终于5月7日投降。

The Sherman M4A4 tank landed in Normandy with the Guard Armored Division. Made in the United States and used by the British army, it was a symbol of the Allied forces'joint efforts to liberate Europe from 1944 to 1945.

The battles between France, Belgium and the Netherlands continued throughout the winter. In February 1945, the Allies moved to Germany. Under the attack of both sides, the West German army finally surrendered on May 7.

在计划诺曼底登陆时，盟国极度缺乏登陆艇，只有美国的快速建造计划提供了足够的装备，使部队能够瞄准法国海滩。

大多数部队乘着大型登陆舰穿过英吉利海峡，然后转入小型登陆艇攻击海滩。最小的登陆艇“突击”只能容纳35人左右。

When planning the Normandy landing, the Allies were extremely short of landing boats, and only the U.S. Rapid Construction Program provided sufficient equipment to enable troops to target French beaches.

Most troops crossed the English Channel on large landing ships and then turned into small landing craft to attack the beach. The smallest landing craft "assault" can only accommodate about 35 people.

这是一只装饰着石头和青铜的德国鹰，希特勒了解纪念性建筑的威力。他计划重建柏林，向全世界展示德国的实力。

1939年，他建立了一个令人印象深刻的新帝国总理府。它装饰着纳粹风格的传统德国鹰。这只青铜鹰，用爪子抓着一个纳粹党的十字记号，是为帝国大臣制造的。这座大楼在战斗中被毁了。战争伤痕累累，老鹰也反映了德国自身的命运。

This is a German Eagle decorated with stone and bronze. Hitler understands the power of monumental buildings. He plans to rebuild Berlin and show the world Germany's strength.

In 1939, he established an impressive Premier's Office of the New Empire. It decorated the traditional German eagle in Nazi style. The bronze eagle, holding a Nazi cross in its claws, was made for the imperial ministers. The building was destroyed in the battle. The war was scarred, and the eagle reflected Germany's own destiny.

1940年，苏联当局意识到他们需要一支有效的冲锋枪。这是乔治施帕金冲锋枪的设计，被称为PPSH41。

PPSH携带了大量的子弹，射速快。因此，它是一种非常有效的步兵武器。

1930年，苏联采用了一种霍奇化的M1981长枪作为他们的基本步枪。制作起来很简单，每一支只需要13个小时。

红军也十分重视精确射击，训练了许多专业狙击手。并使用M1981/30的特殊狙击版本，装备了望远镜瞄具。

In 1940, the Soviet authorities realized that they needed an effective submachine gun. This is the design of the George Sparkin submachine gun, known as the PPSH41.

PPSH carries a lot of bullets and shoots fast. Therefore, it is a very effective infantry weapon.

In 1930, the Soviet Union adopted a Hodge M1981 rifle as their basic rifle. It's easy to make. Each one takes only 13 hours.

The Red Army also attached great importance to accurate shooting and trained many professional snipers. The special sniper version of M1981/30 was used to equip the telescope sight.

在整个1941-1942年以及接下来的一年里，即使是在深冬，东线仍在继续激烈的战斗。气温降至-30℃以下。德国士兵用这些编织的草编长统靴来覆盖他们的常规皮靴。他们帮了忙，但无法抵挡刺骨的寒冷。
由于没有真正的专业冬衣，德国军队用一切手段来保暖。这顶粗糙的粗麻布风帽和皮制坦克队员的帽子都衬着兔毛。
这件灰色的皮大衣有袖口和衬里，由黑色的动物羊毛制成，可能是狗。动物皮毛和皮肤层提供了温暖和与寒冷的绝缘。

Throughout 1941-1942 and the following year, even in the deep winter, fierce fighting continued on the Eastern Front. The temperature dropped below - 30 C. German soldiers used these knitted straw boots to cover their regular boots. They helped, but could not withstand the bitter cold.

Because there was no real professional winter clothes, the German army used every means to keep warm. The rough linen hood and the caps of the tankers were lined with rabbit hair.

This grey fur coat, with cuffs and linings, is made of black animal wool, possibly dogs. Animal fur and skin provide warmth and cold insulation.

冬天无法通行的道路给医疗带来了巨大的难度。德国人用这艘粉刷过的木船在东线运送重型装备，它像雪橇一样被拉过雪地。在船内画的一个红十字表明，它也被用来在返程途中带回受伤的士兵。

The inaccessible roads in winter bring great difficulties to medical treatment. The Germans used the painted wooden boat to transport heavy equipment on the eastern route. It was pulled across the snow like a sled. A red cross painted in the boat shows that it is also used to bring back wounded soldiers on the way back.

随着军队进入欧洲，他们需要空中支援。为了建造临时降落带，克拉克推土机从前进部队后的滑翔机上降落。

尽管伤亡惨重，德军抵抗激烈，盟军还是稳步向内陆进发。霸王的目标是在三个月内占领法国北部所有的河流，包括塞纳河和卢瓦尔河。这一目标比计划提前十天实现，8月25日巴黎解放。

As the army enters Europe, they need air support. To build a temporary landing belt, Clark bulldozers landed from gliders behind advancing troops.

Despite heavy casualties and fierce German resistance, the Allies steadily moved inland. The overlord's goal was to occupy all the rivers in northern France, including the Seine and Loire rivers, within three months. This goal was achieved ten days ahead of schedule and Paris was liberated on August 25.

蒙哥马利将军于1942年8月接管了第八司令部。为了提高士气，他坐着亨伯员工车去关心他的手下。他尽可能多地与他们交谈，激励他们成为一支强大的战斗力量。

今天的蒙哥马利是英国最著名的第二次世界大战将军。他已成为英国文化的一部分。

General Montgomery took over the Eighth Command in August 1942. To boost morale, he took a Humber Employee Car to care for his men. He talked to them as much as possible and encouraged them to become a powerful fighting force.

Today Montgomery is Britain's most famous general in World War II. He has become part of British culture.

11.3kg重的野战炮在战争开始时投入使用。它很快被证明是英国军队最有效的火炮武器。

1942年，这把枪在皇家炮兵第十一野战团服役。7月2日，隆美尔试图在阿拉曼重振雄风，德国人绕过英军防线，驱车前往鲁维萨特山脊。他们被猛烈的炮火击退，包括这把枪。德国进军埃及的行动被阻止了。

The 11.3kg heavy field artillery was put into use at the beginning of the war. It soon proved to be the most effective artillery weapon in the British army.

In 1942, the gun served in the 11th Field Regiment of the Royal Artillery. On July 2, Rommel attempted to regain momentum in Alaman, when the Germans bypassed the British defence and drove to the Ridge of Ruvissat. They were repulsed by heavy artillery fire, including the gun. The German march into Egypt was blocked.

在沙漠里，士兵们比在其他任何地方都要做好充分的准备。无论要去哪里，携带燃料和水是至关重要的。

德国人设计了这种坚固的压制钢制燃料罐，有圆角和一个极好的密封盖。它能经受住粗暴的搬运，而且不容易在接缝处断裂或爆裂。这个罐子可以装水和燃料。

In the desert, soldiers are better prepared than anywhere else. Wherever you go, it's crucial to carry fuel and water.

The Germans designed this sturdy pressed steel fuel tank with rounded corners and an excellent sealing cap. It can withstand rough handling and is not easy to break or burst at joints. This can holds water and fuel.

从1940年到1943年的三年里，沙漠战争经历了巨大的变化。这张地图被隆美尔用来绘制他上一次对埃及发动袭击的进度图，这次袭击始于1942年1月。

与其他一些阵线不同，北美的战争不是由残暴和仇恨驱动的，而且很少发生平民暴行。

德国最高指挥官埃尔文·隆梅尔将军被称为“沙漠狐狸”。甚至丘吉尔也声称，“我们有一个非常勇敢和熟练的对手来对付我们，我可以说，他是一个伟大的将军。”

In the three years from 1940 to 1943, the desert war underwent tremendous changes. This map was used by Rommel to map the progress of his last attack on Egypt, which began in January 1942.

Unlike some other fronts, wars in North America are not driven by brutality and hatred, and there are few civilian atrocities.

General Erwin Rommel, Germany's top commander, is known as the "desert fox". Even Churchill declared, "We have a very brave and skilled opponent against us. I can say that he is a great general."

从坠毁的德国飞机上收集纪念品，比如这架汉高111仪表板，是一种很受欢迎的消遣。

8月30日10时11分，他开始轰炸卢顿的沃克斯豪尔汽车厂。在飓风袭击下，一架德国轰炸机坠毁在赫特福德郡。海克尔的一部分机身被英国士兵从334号皇家炮兵探照灯炮台上切下。

Collecting souvenirs from crashed German aircraft, such as the Hangao 111 dashboard, is a popular pastime.

At 10:11 on August 30, he began bombing the Vauxhall automobile factory in Luton. A German bomber crashed in Hertfordshire in the wake of a hurricane. Part of Hacker's fuselage was cut off by British soldiers from the 334 Royal Artillery Searchlight turret.

1940年，在占领波兰、挪威和西欧之后，德国军队相信它可以在英国登陆并在伦敦前进。然而，德国海军从未对登陆入侵部队感到有信心。这一分歧意味着计划停止了。

到那时，德国人已经花了大量的时间准备。这是许多秘密地图之一，显示了德国人打算如何通过肯特和苏塞克斯登陆和前进。

In 1940, after the occupation of Poland, Norway and Western Europe, the German army believed that it could land in Britain and advance in London. Nevertheless, the German Navy never felt confident about landing invading troops. This disagreement means that the plan has stopped.

By then, the Germans had spent a lot of time preparing. This is one of many secret maps showing how the Germans intended to land and advance through Kent and Sussex.

这艘民用渔船Tamzine是现存最小的“小船”，曾在1940年5月和6月帮助英国军队从敦刻尔克救出。

1940年5月，德国人迅速地穿过荷兰、比利时和法国。法国和英国退到了海岸，尽可能多的士兵在敦刻尔克获救。数百艘英国船只和小船穿过英吉利海峡，在海滩上工作，把人们带到停泊在离海岸更远处的大型战舰上。

The civilian fishing boat, Tamzine, is the smallest vessel in existence and helped British troops rescue from Dunkirk in May and June 1940.

In May 1940, Germans quickly crossed the Netherlands, Belgium and France. France and Britain retreated to the coast and as many soldiers as possible were rescued in Dunkirk. Hundreds of British ships and boats crossed the English Channel and worked on the beach, bringing people to large warships moored farther from the coast.

英国军队在敦刻尔克损失了大部分装备。几乎没有什么武器留给了家里的警卫了，他们需要既生产快又便宜的武器。

7.62cm史密斯枪是1940年发明的，它靠大轮子移动。为了开火，把枪转到一边。底部的轮子使枪转动；顶部有顶罩。它可以发射3.63kg的反人员子弹或2.72kg的反坦克子弹。

The British army lost most of its equipment in Dunkirk. Almost no weapons were left to guards at home. Well, they need to produce both fast and cheap weapons.

The 7.62cm Smith gun was invented in 1940. It moves on a large wheel. To open fire, turn the gun aside. The bottom wheel turns the gun; the top has a hood. It can fire 3.63 kg of anti-personnel bullets or 2.72 kg of anti-tank bullets.

在空袭期间，大多数人都躲起来了。但当炸弹开始坠落时，数百名普通男女仍去上班。警察、消防员、典狱长和救援人员都勇敢地面对炸弹，以保护建筑物及其居住者免受损坏。

这一个人的庇护所在突袭过程中为任何人提供保护，就像一个钢铁岗亭。

During the air raid, most people hid. But when the bomb began to fall, hundreds of ordinary men and women still went to work. Police, firefighters, warden and rescue workers bravely faced the bomb to protect the building and its residents from damage.

The man's shelter provided protection for anyone during the raid, like a steel post.

潜艇成为德国攻击英国和盟国商船的主要方式。U型艇船长在海上搜寻，为了击沉船只，U型潜艇可以浮出水面，使用炮火，也可以留在海底，在水中发射鱼雷。

早期的鱼雷由压缩空气驱动，在水中留下了可见的气泡痕迹。从1942年开始，G7E T3型鱼雷使用了一个电动机，使其隐形，可以在没有任何警告的情况下发动攻击。

Submarine became the main way for Germany to attack British and allied merchant ships. The U-boat captain searches the sea. In order to sink the ship, the U-boat can surface, use artillery, or stay at the bottom of the sea and launch torpedoes in the water.

Early torpedoes were driven by compressed air, leaving visible bubbles in the water. Since 1942, the G7E T3 torpedo has used a motor to make it invisible and can launch an attack without warning.

1966年科林·赛尔夫独立制作了这座令人不安的雕塑。它被称为“海滩女孩”，这是一个由煤渣和黑漆制成的毁容的橱窗人体模型。几乎不需要想象来放大这个被烧毁和破碎的身体，核弹的灾难性后果显而易见。

艺术家们越来越坚信，核攻击将使英国的生命终结。《海滩女孩》便反映了这一点。

Colin Self independently produced this disturbing sculpture in 1966. It's called "Beach Girl," a disfigured mannequin made of cinder and black paint. There is little need for imagination to magnify the burnt and shattered body, and the catastrophic consequences of the bomb are obvious.

Artists are increasingly convinced that a nuclear attack will end Britain's life. Beach Girl reflects this.

1980年，英国宣布将用美国的三叉戟系统取代其老化的北极星导弹库存。2014年，皇家海军正在操作四艘核潜艇，这些潜艇装备了三叉戟II D-5弹道导弹。他们构成了英国独立的核威慑力量。

这套亮橙色的逃生服是为帮助船员在三叉戟潜艇沉没时逃生而设计的。在一次化装舞会后，它被留在了一家酒吧里。

In 1980, Britain announced that it would replace its aging Polaris missile stockpile with the Trident system of the United States. In 2014, the Royal Navy was operating four nuclear submarines equipped with Trident II D-5 ballistic missiles. They constitute Britain's independent nuclear deterrent.

The bright orange suit was designed to help the crew escape when the Trident submarine sank. After a masquerade party, it was left in a bar.

核潜艇的危险性重要性意味着找到探测它们的方法是至关重要的。声纳浮标，如图中所示的英国17054型，可以通过空气抛入海中。他们利用声波在水下搜索，然后用无线电发回射程内任何潜艇的信息。

The dangerous importance of nuclear submarines means that finding ways to detect them is crucial. Sonar buoys, the British 17054 shown in the figure, can be thrown into the sea by air. They use sound waves to search underwater and then radio back any submarine within range.

萨达姆·侯赛因从1979年到2003年对伊拉克的残酷统治使他成为一个令人恐惧和憎恶的人物。2003年战争的官方目标是摧毁伊拉克的任何大规模杀伤性武器，打破萨达姆与全球恐怖主义的联系，解放伊拉克人民。

当地人要求英国士兵从乌姆克萨尔港的一堵墙上取下这幅镶有瓷砖的萨达姆马赛克。他的形象和雕像被狂热破坏反映了他从权力中倾覆的一面。

Saddam Hussein's brutal rule of Iraq from 1979 to 2003 made him a frightening and abhorrent figure. The official objective of the 2003 war is to destroy any weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, break the ties between Saddam Hussein and global terrorism and liberate the Iraqi people.

The locals asked British soldiers to remove the tiled Saddam Mosaic from a wall in Port Umkesar. The frenzied destruction of his image and statue reflects his overthrow from power.

1991年海湾战争是为了把科威特从伊拉克占领中解放出来而进行的。这套劣质的伊拉克个人防护装备和核、生物和化学测试装备在战后在伊拉克被缴获。

在那时，伊拉克使用化学和生物武器已经众所周知。伊拉克领导人萨达姆·侯赛因打破了自20世纪20年代以来禁止使用毒气的国际协议，在20世纪80年代的伊伊战争和1988年的库尔德平民战争中公开使用毒气。

The 1991 Gulf War was aimed at liberating Kuwait from Iraq's occupation. The inferior personal protective equipment and nuclear, biological and chemical testing equipment were seized in Iraq after the war.

At that time, Iraq's use of chemical and biological weapons was well known. Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein broke international agreements banning the use of poisonous gases since the 1920s and used them openly in the Iraq-Iraq war of the 1980s and the Kurdish civilian war of 1988.

自1980年以来，英国军舰在波斯湾巡逻，以保护该地区的其他船只。在2003年伊拉克战争之前，人们特别关注伊拉克可能发生的化学或生物攻击。

这个密封的金属盒子被固定在海湾的皇家海军舰艇上。在内部受到保护的情况下，操作人员会使用高科技传感器和电子设备观察化学或生物攻击的迹象。最终没有发生这样的攻击。

Since 1980, British warships have patrolled the Persian Gulf to protect other ships in the area. Prior to the Iraq war in 2003, special attention was paid to possible chemical or biological attacks in Iraq.

The sealed metal box was fixed to the Royal Navy vessel in the Gulf. In the case of internal protection, operators will use high-tech sensors and electronic equipment to observe signs of chemical or biological attack. In the end, no such attack occurred.

2001年9月11日，两架飞机被飞到到纽约世贸中心的双子塔。他们被恐怖分子劫持了。90分钟后，两座塔楼倒塌，造成近3000人死亡。

这个钢制窗框是从北塔的废墟上拆下来的。烧焦和扭曲的金属仍然以图形的形式表达了摧毁建筑物的令人作呕的暴力行为。

On September 11, 2001, two planes were flown to the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York. They were abducted by terrorists. Ninety minutes later, two towers collapsed, killing nearly 3,000 people.

The steel frame was removed from the ruins of the North Tower. Charred and distorted metals still graphically express the disgusting violence that destroys buildings.

叛乱分子和恐怖分子在坚定信念的驱使下，分成几个小组工作。有些人准为自己的事业去死。自杀式炸弹手把强力炸药藏在衣服下面。

这名自杀式炸弹袭击者的背心于2013年被阿富汗国家警察缴获。它是用炸药打底的，通过装上一包滚珠轴承使它更具杀伤力。为了安全起见，它被赠予了光环信托基金会，一个处置世界各地冲突中的炸弹和武器的慈善机构。Insurgents and terrorists, driven by firm beliefs, work in several groups. Some people are bound to die for their own cause. Suicide bombers hide powerful explosives under their clothes.

The vest of the suicide bomber was seized by the Afghan National Police in 2013. It's made of explosives, and it's made more lethal by loading a pack of ball bearings. For security reasons, it was donated to the Halo Trust, a charity dealing with bombs and weapons in conflicts around the world.

美国威利斯MB吉普车是第二次世界大战最有特色的车辆之一。1942年至1945年间，生产了36万多辆。

这辆吉普车是美国第五军指挥官马克·克拉克中将在访问索伦托时送给意大利的英国红十字会的，当时他看到红十字会没有自己的交通工具。战后，他告诉他们可以保留吉普车，1947年，吉普车被带到了英国。

The Willis MB jeep is one of the most distinctive vehicles in World War II. Between 1942 and 1945, more than 360,000 vehicles were produced.

The jeep was given to the British Red Cross in Italy by Lieutenant General Mark Clark, commander of the Fifth Army of the United States, during his visit to Solento, when he saw that the Red Cross had no means of transportation of its own. After the war, he told them they could keep jeeps. In 1947, jeeps were brought to England.

1956年7月，埃及领导人纳赛尔占领了苏伊士运河，11月5日，英国和法国入侵了运河区。他们受到强烈谴责，尤其是美国迫使英法军队撤退。

降落伞中队，是英国攻击运河的中心。他们缴获的埃及装备中有一个野战厨房，他们把它带回塞浦路斯。

In July 1956, Egyptian leader Nasser occupied the Suez Canal. On November 5, Britain and France invaded the canal area. They were strongly condemned, especially by the United States for forcing British and French troops to withdraw.

The parachute squadron was the centre of the British attack on the canal. Among the Egyptian equipment they seized was a field kitchen, which they brought back to Cyprus.

对许多人来说，战争以复员而结束了，最后获准回家。大多数人回到了他们的家庭，开始了他们的旧生活。但其他人发现，在经历了多年的痛苦和分离之后，很难重新开始。

离开军队的人得到了一套便服，俗称“德莫布服”。他们可以选择一套简单的三件套西装，比如这套，或者一件夹克和裤子，以及衬衫、领带、鞋子、雨衣和一顶特里比帽或者一顶平顶帽。

For many, the war ended with demobilization.Yes, I was finally allowed to go home. Most people go back to their families and start their old lives. But others find it difficult to start over after years of pain and separation.

Those who left the army were given a suit of civilian clothes, commonly known as the "Dermo clothes". They can choose a simple three-piece suit, such as this suit, or a jacket and pants, as well as shirts, ties, shoes, raincoats and a Tribbi hat or a flat cap.

1994年，出生于贝尔法斯特的艺术家约翰·仁德完成了这幅名为“教派盔甲”的作品，以突出困扰北爱尔兰25年的分歧的荒谬性。

一件钢制夹克上饰有来自两个社区的图标。那些对英国（左）感到忠诚的人的象征反映了那些想成为爱尔兰共和国（右）一部分的人。在后面，一个共和党人的葬礼与一个效忠者的葬礼只有一条缝。

In 1994, Belfast-born artist John Render completed the work entitled "Sectarian Armor" to highlight the absurdity of the divisions that have plagued Northern Ireland for 25 years.

A steel jacket was decorated with icons from two communities. The symbols of those who are loyal to Britain (left) reflect those who want to be part of the Republic of Ireland (right). Later, there was only one gap between a Republican funeral and a loyal funeral.

英国士兵被训练在战场上打常规战争，他们没有准备好接受巡逻英国街道的任务，敌人和他们在家乡认识的人没有什么不同，这是最困难的。

1900年，爱尔兰是英国的一部分。但在第一次世界大战之后，它被一场激烈的内战分割了。在南方形成了一个新的天主教国家。但是北方的六个主要是新教的郡仍然留在英国。

1968年，北爱尔兰天主教和新教之间爆发了冲突。英国军队被派去协助警察在街上巡逻。像这样的军车“猪”成了日常生活中的一道风景线。

British soldiers are trained to fight conventional wars on the battlefield. They are not ready to take the task of patrolling British streets. The enemy is no different from the people they know in their hometown. This is the most difficult.

Ireland was part of Britain in 1900. But after World War I, it was divided by a fierce civil war. A new Catholic state was formed in the South. But six mainly Protestant counties in the North remain in Britain.

In 1968, a conflict broke out between Catholicism and Protestantism in Northern Ireland. The British army was sent to assist the police in patrolling the streets. A military vehicle like this "pig" has become a landscape in everyday life.

作为英国特遣部队在南大西洋集结的第一部分，IWM要求艺术家琳达·基特森加入第二次浪潮，并为这场战役创造一份官方的艺术记录。

5月12日，Kitson和军队在QE2号公路上航行，三周后在福克兰群岛登陆。她带着自己的艺术器材。但军方发给她这个橙色的海空救援集装箱，以保持她的图纸干燥，以及一个标准的北极重量伪装制服。

As the first part of the British contingent's assembly in the South Atlantic, IWM asked artist Linda Kitsen to join the second wave and create an official artistic record for the battle.

On 12 May, Kitson and the army sailed on Highway QE2 and landed in the Falkland Islands three weeks later. She carries her own art equipment. But the military sent her the orange air-sea rescue container to keep her drawings dry and a standard Arctic weight camouflage uniform.

玛格丽特·撒切尔的这只钢丝和乳胶木偶是为讽刺性的电视节目《吐口水的形象》制作的，这是她作为二十世纪末最具影响力和最具争议的英国政治家的重要标志。

Margaret Thatcher's steel wire and latex puppet was made for the satirical television show The Image of spitting, which is an important symbol of her being the most influential and controversial British politician at the end of the twentieth century.

这是一辆巴格达汽车，2007年3月5日，一枚自杀式炸弹摧毁了伊拉克首都巴格达的穆塔纳比街上的图书市场。38人死亡，100多人受伤。这辆车被炸弹炸毁。

This is a Baghdad car. On March 5, 2007, a suicide bomber destroyed the book market on Mutanabi Street in Baghdad, Iraq. Thirty-eight people died and more than 100 were injured. The car was bombed.

这是路透社的路虎，2006年损坏。

这辆装甲路虎是英国路透社在巴勒斯坦地区使用的。2006年，在暴力期间。巴勒斯坦激进分子和以色列军方，它被以色列的一枚空中发射火箭击中。记者Fadel Shana和Sabbah Hmaida乘坐这辆车旅行时受伤。

This is Reuters Land Rover, damaged in 2006.

The armored Land Rover was used by Reuters in the Palestinian area. In 2006, during the violence. Palestinian militants and the Israeli military were hit by an Israeli air-launched rocket. Reporters Fadel Shana and Sabah Hmaida were injured while traveling in the car.

格洛斯特城堡是一艘邮轮，这样的船只使家庭和企业能够在很远的距离内保持联系。邮轮除了运送邮件外，还运送从英国移民到帝国和美国新生活的乘客。

这里最大的模型是造船厂的“无畏号”战舰“赫拉克勒斯号”模型。无畏舰标志着速度、装甲和火力的革命，象征着皇家海军统治海浪的决心。

党卫军是一艘商船，英国依靠这样的船只来进口食品和原材料，并出口其货物。世界上几乎一半的商船是英国的。

Gloucester Castle is a cruise ship that enables families and businesses to keep in touch over long distances. In addition to delivering mail, cruise ships also carry passengers from British immigrants to the Empire and the new life of the United States.

The biggest model here is the model of the shipyard's "Dreadnought" warship "Heracles". The fearless ship marked a revolution in speed, armor and firepower, as well as the Royal Navy's determination to rule the waves.

The SS is a merchant ship on which Britain depends to import food and raw materials and export its goods. Almost half of the world's merchant ships are British.

T-34油箱，为苏联坦克设计，建于1954年。

这辆坦克是1954年在捷克斯洛伐克建造的，后来被卖给埃及，在1973年阿以战争中被以色列军队俘虏。它于20世纪70年代末被IWM公司收购，T-34是第二次世界大战时期苏联非常成功的坦克设计。

T-34 tank, designed for Soviet tanks, was built in 1954.

The tank was built in Czechoslovakia in 1954 and sold to Egypt. It was captured by the Israeli army in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. It was acquired by IWM in the late 1970s and the T-34 was a very successful tank design in the Soviet Union during World War II.

X-7是到达提尔皮兹的小型潜艇之一。然而，X-7在爆炸中被严重损坏。X-7被水淹没并沉没了。两名船员溺水身亡，只有一个人幸存下来。

德国人在袭击后找到了X-7的一部分。但其余的部分仍然在水下，直到1976年由一群英国潜水者发现，这些残骸后来提交给IWM。

The X-7 is one of the small submarines that arrived at Tirpitz. However, X-7 was severely damaged in the explosion. X-7 was flooded and sunk. Two crew members drowned and only one survived.

The Germans found part of the X-7 after the attack. But the rest remained underwater until 1976, when a group of British divers discovered the wreckage, which was later submitted to IWM.

战争一爆发，英国就封锁了德国周围的海域。皇家海军封锁了进入北海和英吉利海峡的通道。一份皇家公告宣布一大堆货物是“违禁品”，是被禁止的。

进入英吉利海峡的船只被拦截和搜查。这些来自威茅斯海军基地的样品抽屉里装着德国禁止进口的食品、香料和其他货物。

英国首相内维尔·张伯伦在1939年声称，控制违禁品是管理海洋的最公平的方式。

“英国海权的行使没有造成人员伤亡，中立财产也没有被非法扣押。而德国的潜艇战和在公海部署地雷的方法已经导致许多无辜的受害者死亡。

As soon as the war broke out, Britain blocked off the sea around Germany. The Royal Navy blocked access to the North Sea and the English Channel. A royal proclamation declared that a large number of goods were "contraband" and prohibited.

Ships entering the English Channel were intercepted and searched. Sample drawers from the Weymouth Naval Base contain food, spices and other goods banned by Germany.

In 1939, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain claimed that contraband control was the fairest way to manage the oceans.

"The exercise of British maritime power did not cause casualties, nor did the neutral property be illegally seized. German submarine warfare and the deployment of mines on the high seas have resulted in the death of many innocent victims.

1940年，当德国人占领法国大西洋海岸线时，海上战争愈演愈烈。德国的飞机、军舰和U形潜艇对接近英国的船只发动了毁灭性的攻击。丘吉尔正确地称之为大西洋之战。

1940年，德国人一次不能派出超过15艘潜艇在大西洋巡逻。到1942年，像这种型号的Viic U型船的建造使这个数字提高到80多艘。

1943年5月，大西洋战役达到了高潮。在盟军损失惨重之后，皇家海军扭转了局面。

In 1940, when the Germans occupied the French Atlantic coastline, the war at sea intensified. German aircraft, warships and U-shaped submarines launched devastating attacks on ships approaching Britain. Churchill rightly called it the Atlantic War.

In 1940, the Germans could not send more than 15 submarines to patrol the Atlantic at one time. By 1942, the construction of Viic U-boats of this type had raised the number to more than 80.

In May 1943, the battle of the Atlantic reached its climax. The Royal Navy reversed the situation after the heavy losses of the Allies.

情报，再加上新的战术和技术，是至关重要的。德国军队使用这种神秘机器发送和接收编码信号。1942年，U型潜艇升级为新机器。英国的密码破坏者“蒙在鼓里”，不得不再次破解密码。

Intelligence, coupled with new tactics and techniques, is crucial. The German army uses this mysterious machine to send and receive coded signals. In 1942, the U-boat was upgraded to a new machine. Britain's password destroyer was "in the dark" and had to crack the code again.

英国皇家空军的机组人员第一次接近德国是因为他们使用了高射炮。更接近目标的是，较重的火炮接管了任务，造成了更大的伤害。高射炮造成英国皇家空军三分之一的人员伤亡。

这里展示的经过试验的口径8.8厘米的高射炮。

The Royal Air Force crew first approached Germany because they used anti-aircraft guns. Closer to the target, heavier artillery took over the task, causing greater damage. Antiaircraft artillery caused one third of the casualties in the Royal Air Force.

The test caliber of the 8.8 cm anti-aircraft gun is shown here.

皇家空军希望通过轰炸工厂、铁路和其他关键目标，把战争带到德国的中心。

战争开始时，英国皇家空军仍然装备不足。突袭是不准确的，只有四分之一的炸弹落在距离预定地点8公里以内。有效的轰炸需要新的飞机和导航设备。到1939年，两架飞机都在研制中，像兰开斯特这样的重型轰炸机两年后就准备好了。

兰开斯特于1942年首次服役。从那时起直到战争结束，他们投下了英国皇家空军总炸弹数的三分之二。

兰开斯特空军467中队服役。在1943年11月至1944年3月期间，使用中队代码po和个别飞机字母f，po-f进行了49次飞行。

The Royal Air Force hopes to bring the war to the centre of Germany by bombing factories, railways and other key targets.

At the beginning of the war, the Royal Air Force was still underequipped. The raid was inaccurate, with only a quarter of the bombs falling within eight kilometres of the intended location. Effective bombing requires new aircraft and navigation equipment. By 1939, both planes were under development, and heavy bombers like Lancaster were ready in two years.

Lancaster first served in 1942. From then on until the end of the war, they dropped two-thirds of the total number of Royal Air Force bombs.

Lancaster Air Force 467 Corps served. From November 1943 to March 1944, 49 flights were made using the squadron code Po and the individual aircraft letter f, po-f.

一旦德国人在1940年控制了法国，他们就从巴黎到丹麦建立了防空防御系统。为了防止他们达到目标，英国皇家空军轰炸机必须穿过雷达、枪支、探照灯和夜间战斗机的屏障。

新的德国Wurzburg A雷达天线，像这一个，组成了这个网络的一部分。当雷达部队用碟形天线定位敌机时，他们能够将枪械和战斗机引向轰炸机，阻止他们通过。

Once the Germans took control of France in 1940, they built air defense systems from Paris to Denmark. In order to prevent them from reaching their targets, RAF bombers must cross the barriers of radar, guns, searchlights and night fighters.

The new German Wurzburg A radar antenna, like this one, forms part of the network. When radar units use dish antennas to locate enemy aircraft, they can direct guns and fighter planes to bombers and prevent them from passing through.

这名美国飞行员的皮夹克上装饰着一架名为“女主角”的B-17飞行堡垒轰炸机。从364炮击中队开始，飞机执行了35项任务，任务记录是在机组人员姓名上方绘制的炸弹图像。

美国空军无视英国皇家空军的教训，认为他们可以在白天精确地进行轰炸。这种信念是基于美国的新技术，诺登轰炸瞄准器。

这是北欧轰炸瞄准器，测试预测一个北欧人会在距离目标28米的范围内投放炸弹。但事实上，误差显示为370米。

The American pilot's leather jacket was decorated with a B-17 Flying Fortress bomber called the "heroine". Since the 364 artillery squadron, the aircraft has carried out 35 missions. The mission record is a bomb image drawn above the crew's name.

The U.S. Air Force ignored the lesson of the Royal Air Force that they could bomb accurately during the day. This belief is based on the new technology of the United States, the Norden Bomb Sight.

This is a Nordic bomb sight. Tests predict that a Nordic will drop bombs within 28 meters of the target. In fact, the error is 370 meters.

英国皇家空军继续只在夜间进行轰炸，并且向科学家们寻求更精确的轰炸。无线电导航系统被用来引导轰炸机从英国飞向目标。

1942年引进的第一个是GEE。英国皇家空军的航海家在这样的指示装置屏幕上跟踪从英国发出的无线电信号。读数显示了一架飞机的位置，并帮助它找到目标。英国的突袭变得更加准确，直到德国设法干扰信号。

The Royal Air Force continued to bomb only at night and sought more accurate bombing from scientists. Radio navigation systems are used to guide bombers from Britain to their targets.

The first one introduced in 1942 was GEE. Royal Air Force navigators track radio signals from Britain on the screen of such indicators. The readings show the position of an aircraft and help it find its target. The British raid became more accurate until Germany tried to jam the signal.

盎格鲁-撒克逊号将煤炭从威尔士运往阿根廷。1940年8月21日，德国武装的商人袭击者在大西洋中部将其击沉。

船上只有七名船员逃脱。他们战胜饥饿、口渴、疲惫和疯狂，吃海藻、喝雨水。在海上航行了十周后，两名幸存者，罗伊·威迪科姆和罗伯特·塔普斯科特，在巴哈马登陆，脱水、消瘦、精疲力竭。

船的一侧有很深的切口或凹口。这些都是幸存者记录下他们在海上的日子。

The Anglo-Saxon transported coal from Wales to Argentina. On August 21, 1940, German armed businessman attackers sank it in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

Only seven crew members escaped. They fight hunger, thirst, fatigue and madness, eat seaweed and drink rain. Ten weeks after sailing at sea, two survivors, Roy Widcom and Robert Tapscott, landed in the Bahamas, dehydrated, emaciated and exhausted.

There are deep notches or notches on one side of the ship. These are survivors who record their days at sea.

理查德·尤里奇的巨作《制剂》反映了企业的规模。他把所有的元素都集中在一起，男人，坦克，船只。穿过烟雾弥漫的烟雾，士兵们慢慢地穿过黑暗的，像洞穴一样的登陆艇的门，进入未知的地方。在远处，一队无休止的船只向看不见的诺曼底海滩伸展。

Richard Urich's masterpiece Preparations reflects the size of the enterprise. He put all the elements together, men, tanks, ships. Through the smoky smoke, the soldiers slowly passed through the dark, cavernous doors of the landing craft into unknown places. In the distance, an endless array of boats stretched out towards the invisible Normandy beach.

部队登陆时的一个主要危险是空中攻击。盟军空军控制了诺曼底上空的天空。但德国飞机仍有可能突破海岸线攻击船只。

作为保护，许多登陆艇坦克被改装成了浮动的防空平台。这种登陆艇的模型展示了如何上添加甲板和一组枪，以创建一个强大的防御武器库。

One of the main dangers of troops landing is air attack. The Allied Air Force controlled the sky over Normandy. But German aircraft could still break through the coastline and attack ships.

As protection, many landing craft tanks have been converted into floating air defense platforms. The model of the landing craft shows how to add decks and a set of guns to create a powerful defensive arsenal.

登陆舰370号坦克是一艘幸运的船，1942年由美国马萨诸塞州伯利恒造船公司建造，最终成为一名伤痕累累的老兵。它于1943年7月在西西里登陆，两个月后在意大利大陆的萨勒诺登陆。1944年去了诺曼底。6月6日，船离海岸太近，返回英国港口时，发现这块无人注意的164公斤的花岗岩嵌在船壳里。

Landing ship 370 was a lucky ship built in 1942 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company, Massachusetts, USA, and eventually became a wounded veteran. It landed in Sicily in July 1943, and two months later in Saleno, mainland Italy. He went to Normandy in 1944. On June 6, the ship was too close to the coast to return to the British harbor and found the unattended 164 kilograms of granite embedded in the hull.

博物馆是一个记录战争的地方，本应充满了血腥与暴力，但博物馆附近就是一个公园，四周鸟语花香，满眼绿意，与战争形成了强烈反差。

Museum is a place to record war, which should be full of bloody and violent, but near the museum is a park, surrounded by birds, flowers, green eyes, and the war formed a strong contrast.

博物馆诠释和记录了现代战争和个人战争经历的方方面面，包括盟军、敌军、军人、平民、军方、政界、社会、文化各个方面。它涵盖了战争冲突的起因、过程、结果，给了我们极大的视觉冲击，让我们回忆战争，珍惜和平。

The Museum interprets and records all aspects of modern warfare and personal warfare experience, including allied forces, enemy forces, soldiers, civilians, military, political, social and cultural aspects. It covers the causes, processes and results of war conflicts, and gives us a great visual impact. It reminds us of war and cherishes peace.

英国三大特色之一—红色电话亭。至于英国人为何喜爱红色，红色公交，红色地铁。据说是因为英国天气常常阴沉，而红色鲜艳，所以喜爱使用红色。

Red telephone booth is one of the three characteristics of Britain. As for why English people like red, red buses and red metros. It is said that because the weather in Britain is often gloomy, and red is bright, so love to use red.

怎么来的怎么走，宿舍干净来就应干净还。

How to get there and how to get there, dormitories should be clean when they are clean.

12点，团队集合，我们即将踏上归家的路途。没有太多的告别仪式，简简单单一辆大巴，胖胖的司机师傅帮我们把一个个箱子搬进仓内。临行时，一位老师来和我们告别，大家都表现出许多的不舍，但在车上，同学们都谈到自己不愿离开，已经“乐不思蜀”了。

At 12 o'clock, the team gathers and we are on our way home. There are not too many farewell ceremonies. It's a simple bus. The fat driver helps us carry boxes into the warehouse one by one. On the way, a teacher came to say goodbye to us. Everyone showed a lot of reluctance, but on the bus, the students talked about their unwillingness to leave, and they were already "reluctant to miss Shu".

心中充满了离别的不舍，但好在窗外有美景可以欣赏，也能分散一些注意吧。

The heart is full of parting reluctantly, but fortunately there are beautiful scenery outside the to enjoy, can also distract some attention bar.

每到一个地方，给家人带明信片已是习以为常，这次肯定也不例外。教堂的小纪念品店，大英博物馆的一层图书室，剑桥的市场，我曾在观光结束后，穿梭于街头巷尾，找寻着它们的身影

有人说， 明信片的意义，或许就是旅行的意义，当时的心情，当时的那份快乐，都会重现看着手中的明信片，仿佛整个城市，就在我的眼前。

It's common to take postcards to your family everywhere, and this is certainly no exception. The little souvenir shop in the church, the first-floor Library in the British Museum, the market in Cambridge, I used to walk around the streets and alleys after sightseeing, looking for them.

Some people say that the meaning of postcards, perhaps the meaning of travel, the mood at that time, the happiness at that time, will re-look at the hands of the postcards, as if the whole city, in front of my eyes.

幸运值加满。在福州前往三明的动车上，我们很幸运的坐在了被拍摄的车厢。在答题环节，姜老师发挥出色，完成二连答题，一个同学也成功答对一题。

Fortune is full. On the Fuzhou-Sanming train, we were lucky to sit in the car being photographed. In the question-answering section, Mr. Jiang played an excellent role, completed two consecutive answers, and one student also successfully answered one question.

北京时间周一晚上将近8点，抵达福州长乐机场。

北京时间周二上午将近12点，回到我们的出发点——三明站。

Arriving at Changle Airport in Fuzhou at nearly 8 p.m. Beijing time on Monday evening.

Nearly 12 o'clock Tuesday morning, Beijing time, we returned to our starting point, Sanming Station.

本次出游，我们收获了很多，比如体会中英教育各自的特色，了解伦敦当地的人文风情、历史、文化，游览许多名胜古迹……大家开阔了视野，增长了知识，希望以后还能有这样学习交流、增长见识的机会。

特别感谢一路辛苦看护学生，处理事务的五位老师，也感谢配合老师的同学们，大家的努力让出行变得更加顺利，我们有缘再见！

We have gained a lot from this trip, such as the experience of the characteristics of Chinese and English education, the understanding of London's local culture, history and culture, and visiting many places of interest and historic interest. We have broadened our horizons and increased our knowledge. We hope that there will be such opportunities for learning, exchanging and increasing our knowledge in the future.

Special thanks to the five teachers who worked hard to take care of students and deal with affairs along the way, and also thanks to the students who cooperated with the teachers. Everyone's efforts made the trip more smooth. We have a good-bye!