探访落日不列颠——剑桥

三明二中黄逸飞

研学第十三天。距离离开还有最后一天，今天我们要前往剑桥，游览大名鼎鼎的国王学院，并泛舟康河。在今日安排剑桥的行程，应该是校方取徐志摩《再别康桥》的离别之意。

The thirteenth day of study. With the last day to go, today we are going to Cambridge to visit the prestigious King's College and go boating on the Kanghe River. Scheduling Cambridge's trip today should be based on Xu Zhimo's farewell to Cambridge.

早餐。

Breakfast

剑桥大学成立于1209年，最早是有一批躲避斗殴的从牛津大学逃出的学者建立的。它和牛津大学齐名为英国两所最优秀的大学，为世界十大学府之一，这里走出了81位诺奖得主。

Cambridge University was founded in 1209. It was first established by a group of scholars who escaped fighting from Oxford University. It is one of the top ten universities in the world. It has 81 Nobel Prize winners.

国王学院(King's college)

这是剑桥大学最有名的学院之一。因为是国王亨利六世创建的，所以得此名。为了显示国王的雄厚财力，学院建立之初就追求宏伟壮观的建筑，所以我们看到了许多哥特式建筑，它们的顶端直指云霄。

It is one of Cambridge's most famous colleges. Because it was founded by King Henry VI, it was named after him. In order to show the king's great financial resources, the Institute pursued magnificent buildings at the beginning of its establishment, so we saw many Gothic buildings, their tops pointing directly to the clouds.

到了现在，学院的中庭还竖立着亨利六世的雕像。

To this day, a statue of Henry VI is erected in the college atrium.

我们首先去的是国王学院的礼拜堂。耸入云霄的尖塔，哥特式的建筑风格，使他成为英国古典建筑的代表，剑桥人民的骄傲与荣耀。

The first place we went was the chapel of King's College. Towering towers and Gothic architectural style make him the representative of classical British architecture and the pride and glory of Cambridge people.

礼拜堂是扇形拱顶天花板，由22座扶壁支撑。西门上的皇冠与都铎蔷薇的文章，反映出亨利八世的英国霸权梦想。墙上的16世纪彩色玻璃窗都以圣经故事为主要情景。礼拜堂中的屏隔是都铎式木工的绝佳典范。分割前厅和诗席班的屏隔上方巨大的17世纪管风琴箱饰有两尊手持喇叭的天使。

The chapel is a fan-shaped vaulted ceiling supported by 22 buttresses. The Crown and Tudor Rose articles on Simon reflect Henry VIII's dream of British hegemony. The 16th century stained glass s on the walls were dominated by biblical stories. The screen in the chapel is an excellent example of Tudor woodworking. The huge 17th century organ box above the screen separating the lobby and the choir is decorated with two horn-holding angels.

祭坛后有一幅画，是鲁本斯在1634年为比利时白衣修女修道院绘制的《贤士来朝》。

Behind the altar is a painting by Rubens in 1634 for the Belgian white nun monastery, "The Sage Comes to Dynasty".

这本书似乎名叫《亨利六世国王的祈祷》。

The book seems to be called The Prayer of King Henry VI.

亨利六世国王在这里和伊顿建立了两所大学。为每人提供音乐。伊顿公学合唱团从16世纪初就存在了。从中提取的这段文字是由罗伯特·哈库姆伦创作的，他是亨利·维利统治下的国王教务长。这段经文是对圣母玛利亚的赞美，她在伊顿公学和国王学院的奉献中都很突出。亨利六世下令，在国王学院，一个由六个人和十六个男孩组成的合唱团应该每天在礼拜堂里唱歌。他们聚集在一个放唱诗班的讲台周围。哈昆普伦的讲台也仍然在主教堂里。

King Henry VI established two universities here and in Eton. Provide music for everyone. The Eton Choir has existed since the early 16th century. The extract was created by Robert Hakumulun, the dean of the king under Henry Willie. This passage is a tribute to the Virgin Mary, who stands out in her dedication to Eton and King's College. Henry VI ordered that at King's College, a choir of six people and sixteen boys should sing in the chapel every day. They gathered around a podium in a choir. Hakumplun's platform is still in the main church.

文字和仪式在音乐中最生动地转化为崇拜。

天国的天庭充满了人类听不见的音乐：天使和圣徒创造的天国和谐。很多中世纪都描绘过这样的画，比如圣坛上的格特·范隆的画。

十五世纪的作曲家创作音乐来呼应这些理想的高音，王子们希望音乐能装饰他们小教堂里的礼拜仪式。

Words and rituals are most vividly transformed into worship in music.

Heaven's paradise is full of music that humans cannot hear: the harmony of heaven created by angels and saints. Many medi paintings, such as those of Gert Van Ron on the altar, have been depicted.

Fifteenth-century composers created music to echo these idealistic tenors, and the princes wanted music to decorate their Chapel rituals.

摘自15世纪《小时》一书

From the 15th century book Hour

自学院成立以来，这里已经开展了两种服务。它们都把基督教传统带入了现在的生活。

办公室有一种沉思的气氛。他们借鉴了基督教传统的文学部分，在音乐的推动下得到了加强。它们由祈祷和圣经的一部分被阅读或唱组成。

通过耳朵的参与，圣礼增加了运动和更多的身体参与。

亨利六世希望进行圣餐，也被称为弥撒。在这里一天做七次。这仍然是定期的，但不是经常的。在那里，有一个祭司用面包和酒来代表基督的祭品，正如基督临死前与门徒最后一次吃饭时一样。神父重复基督的话，这是我的身体，这酒是我的血。

祭祀将普通的世界打开给另一个神圣的世界。基督教的祭祀有两个方面。

在垂直方向上，平凡的世界被基督的死贯穿在与另一个世界的边界上。

在水平方向上，它变成了一个以基督为中心的社区，人们向祭坛前进，吃圣餐。

Since the establishment of the College, there have been two kinds of services. They all bring Christian tradition into the present life.

The office has an atmosphere of contemplation. They drew on the literature of Christian tradition and were strengthened by music. They consist of prayers and parts of the Bible that are read or sung.

Through the participation of the ear, the sacrament increases exercise and more physical participation.

Henry VI wanted to have the Eucharist, also known as Mass. Do it here seven times a day. This is still regular, but not regular. There was a priest who represented the sacrifices of Christ with bread and wine, just as Christ had last eaten with his disciples before he died. The priest repeats the words of Christ. This is my body. This wine is my blood.

The sacrifice opens the ordinary world to another sacred world. There are two aspects of Christian sacrifice.

In the vertical direction, the ordinary world is penetrated by the death of Christ on the boundary with the other world.

Horizontally, it became a Christ-centered community, with people marching toward the altar and eating the Eucharist.

这是威廉·阿贝尔的富丽堂皇的微型画，展示了中世纪世界的等级制度。

This is William Abel's magnificent miniature painting, showing the hierarchy of the medi world.

教堂唱诗班的天使

Angels in the church choir

‘天国，我从小就把自己献给它，我要呼求它。’因为这国是暂时的，是属地的，我不甚在乎。我们三月份的亲戚（爱德华四世，他废了他）随意插进去。

他在埃尔坦自己的房间里向我大发牢骚，那时我和他单独在一起，和他一起在他的教科书上工作……突然，一位强大的王国公爵敲了敲国王的门，国王说：“他们的确打断了我，无论白天还是晚上，我都很难在阅读任何神圣的教诲时不受干扰地抽出一点时间来恢复精神。”

"The kingdom of heaven, I have dedicated myself to it since I was a child, and I will call on it." Because this country is temporary and territorial, I don't care much. Our relatives in March (Edward IV, who abolished him) got in at will.

He complained to me in Ertan's own room when I was alone with him, working with him on his textbooks... Suddenly, a mighty Duke of Kingdom knocked on the king's door and the king said, "They did interrupt me. It was difficult for me to take a moment of undisturbed time to recover from reading any sacred teachings, day or night."

18世纪的祈祷书。类似的版本在小教堂的正厅里经常使用。

Prayer books of the 18th century. Similar versions are often used in the chapel lobby.

建国十一年后，国王拥有了当时最好的大学图书馆。在下个世纪的一次动乱中，所有的书都消失了，仅剩一本，再也没有找回。在15世纪70年代，教务长罗杰·戈德试图通过出售礼拜服和购买书籍来修复图书馆。

Eleven years after the founding of the People's Republic, the King had the best university library of his time. In a turmoil of the next century, all the books disappeared, and only one remained, never recovered. In the 1770s, the dean, Roger Gold, tried to repair the library by selling service clothes and buying books.

剑桥之于国人，大抵是学生时代徐志摩的《再别康桥》。

Cambridge is for the Chinese, mostly Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge in his school days.

剑桥磅礴大气的建筑，让我惊叹，这或许已经超越了一个学校，我甚至有一种错觉，感觉自己身处在一座宫殿中。这里也确实只有达官贵人才能在此地学习，优秀的平民百姓只能在王后学院就读。

I was amazed by the magnificent architecture of Cambridge, which may have surpassed a school. I even had the illusion that I was in a palace. It is true that only high-ranking officials and noble people can study here. Excellent civilians can only attend Queen's College.

　　泛舟康河（Punting on River Cam）

虽然剑桥建筑都是气势恢宏的，但更令我流连却步的还是那满城的绿色，青葱的草地几乎铺满了这座小城除街道以外的一切空地。那一栋栋高大的校舍，教堂的尖顶和一所所爬满青藤的红砖住宅就在这一片绿色之中。康河边上，垂柳成荫，丛林拥翠，衬托着康河的一泓碧水，整个康河就像一片绿色的海洋，绿意葱茏，令人心醉。

Although the buildings in Cambridge are magnificent, what makes me even more hesitant is the green of the whole city. The green grass is almost covered with all the open spaces except the streets in this small town. The tall school buildings, the church spires and a red-brick house covered with ivy are all in the green. On the Bank of Kang River, weeping willows are shady, and the jungle is green, which sets off the clear water of Kang River. The whole Kang River is like a green ocean, green and lush, which makes people enchanted.

泛舟康河，本应是欣赏美景，但硬生生被我们船的人玩成了喂鸭子。同学没带食物，就用午餐的三明治、薯片来喂鸭，船上人时不时发出欢快惊叹的声音。来回全路程上，当属我们船最为拉风，一群群的剑桥鸭围着我们船，奋力划水，竭尽全力跟上船只，在船尾，左右两侧形成了一列壮观队形，同学们都兴奋不已。

Canoeing Kanghe River should have enjoyed the beautiful scenery, but it was forcefully played by our boat people to feed ducks. Without food, the students fed the ducks with sandwiches and potato chips for lunch. Every now and then, the people on board made cheerful exclamations. All the way back and forth, when our boat is the most windy, a group of Cambridge ducks surrounded our boat, struggling to paddle, trying to catch up with the boat, in the stern, left and right sides of the formation of a spectacular, exciting students.

这座木头枋子搭起来的桥就是大名鼎鼎的数学桥，它又叫“牛顿桥”，因为据说这是牛顿亲自设计并建造的，利用力学知识，整座桥没有用一颗钉子，后来有个好事的学生把它拆了，尴尬的是装不回去了，后来只好用钉子固定而成。这座当地最著名的桥陪着剑河沿岸最古老的建筑——剑桥大学女王学院院长官邸走过了250多个春秋。

This bridge built by wooden silk is a famous mathematical bridge. It is also called "Newton Bridge", because it is said that Newton designed and built it himself. With the knowledge of mechanics, the whole bridge did not use a nail. Later, a good student took it apart, embarrassed that it could not be put back, and later it had to be fixed with nails. From. The most famous bridge in the area accompanied the oldest building along the Cambridge River, the residence of the Dean of Queen's College, Cambridge University, through more than 250 years of spring and autumn.

这座简单朴素的单孔石桥就是国王学院后的“国王桥”，建于1819年。虽然叫“国王”桥，但是国王把钱都投在建楼上了，对建桥不是很上心，所以这座桥才显得如此朴素简洁。

This simple stone bridge is the King's Bridge after King's College. It was built in 1819. Although it is called "King" Bridge, the King invested all his money in the building. He was not very interested in building the bridge, so the bridge was so simple and concise.

叹息桥位于圣•约翰学院，建于1831年，连接了该学院的新庭和老庭。它类似一座廊桥，分上、中、下三层。下层是半个椭圆桥孔，横跨康河；中间是一条长廊，由于桥拱的原因，长廊路面是一个拱形。桥的两边是封闭的，桥上有对称的五对用钢筋拦护的拱顶水泥框架的玻璃窗，用以采光。上层为平整的水泥路面，两边均衡的耸立着相互对称的塔尖。

Sighing Bridge, located at St. John's College, was built in 1831 to connect the new and old courtyards of the College. It is similar to a gallery bridge, divided into upper, middle and lower floors. The lower floor is a half elliptical bridge hole across the Kanghe River, and the middle is a long corridor. Because of the bridge arch, the corridor pavement is an arch. The two sides of the bridge are closed, and there are five symmetrical pairs of glass s of the arch-roof cement frame protected by steel bars for lighting. The upper layer is flat cement pavement with symmetrical spires on both sides.

这座桥又叫厨房桥，据说这座桥上面曾经是厨房，另一说这座桥联通学生食堂，故取此名。

This bridge is also called kitchen bridge. It is said that it used to be a kitchen on top of this bridge. Another said that this bridge connects the student canteen, so it was named after it.

一座三拱石桥，因位于克莱尔学院后面而被称为克莱尔桥。

A three-arch stone bridge is called Claire Bridge because it lies behind Claire College.

时间吞噬者，也叫时间食客，其实就是一个时钟，有着“最怪钟”的称号。它不用时分秒针或数字计时，却令一只形态丑陋的机械昆虫吞噬时间，意在提醒人们时间易逝，光阴不再。除了造型特别，时钟还能发出怪异声响。每到整点，钟表会发出链条落到棺材上的响声，意在提醒人生短暂。

Time devourer, also known as time eater, is actually a clock with the title of "the weirdest clock". It does not use time-seconds or numbers to time, but makes an ugly mechanical insect swallow up time, in order to remind people that time is fleeting and time is no longer. In addition to the special shape, the clock can make strange noises. Every time the clock strikes the coffin, it is meant to remind us that life is short.

漫步剑桥小镇（Walking in Cambridge Town）

有这么一句话：“牛津是学校中有城，剑桥是城中有学校”，这并不是踩一捧一，不是说谁好谁不好，只是说牛津整座城更透露着一股书卷气，城市的学术氛围浓厚；而剑桥则更偏商业化，这里不仅有全球闻名的剑桥大学，美丽的自然环境，也有着许多的商场、店铺。

There is such a saying: "Oxford is a city in schools, Cambridge is a school in cities." This is not to say who is good or who is bad, but that the whole city of Oxford reveals a Book atmosphere, the academic atmosphere of the city is strong; and Cambridge is more commercialized, there is not only the world-famous Cambridge University, the United States. Beautiful natural environment also has many shops and shops.

剑桥东面是相对集中的购物区，中世纪开始就有的露天传统市场，位于圣玛丽大教堂附近。贩卖的东西也一应俱全，书籍、鲜花、手工艺品、街头小吃，我甚至还看到了煎饼果子，各种商品应有尽有。

To the east of Cambridge is a relatively centralized shopping area. Since the Middle Ages, there has been an open-air traditional market near St. Mary's Cathedral. There are books, flowers, handicrafts, street snacks, and even pancakes and fruits, all kinds of goods.

在这里我又见到了街头艺人，这里似乎是一个固定的街演点，每一个时间段都会有不同的人来进行表演。

Here I saw street artists again. It seems that this is a fixed street venue. There are different people performing at every time.

踏着徐志摩的足迹，走过在剑河上的好多桥，感悟领会他那欲言又止的再别康桥，静静的体会着这座郁郁葱葱的学府自由又严谨的气氛。轻轻的，我们走了。

Stepping on Xu Zhimo's footsteps and walking through many bridges on the Cambridge River, I realized that he wanted to say goodbye to Cambridge again, and quietly realized the free and rigorous atmosphere of this lush university. Gently, we went.

晚餐

Dinner

晚上，大家在宿舍整理行李，收拾心情，和其他同学一起聊聊天，准备明天的离开。

In the evening, we are in the dormitory to pack up our luggage, tidy up our mood, and chat with other students to prepare for tomorrow's departure.