初中英语语法之主谓一致

艾威尔英语教育

<h3>主谓一致</h3><h3>考点扫描</h3><h3>主谓一致(Consistency)是指一个句子的主语与谓语的语法形式必须在人称和数上保持一致。 近年来主要考查名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作主语和there be句型的主谓一致。</h3><h3>考点剖析</h3><h3>主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上的一致,即主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词则用单数,主语为复数,谓语动词用复数。意义一致原则是指若主语是单数名词,但表示复数概念,谓语动词则用复数,若主语是复数名词,但表示的是整体概念,谓语动词则用单数。就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致。</h3><h3>一、名词作主语的主谓一致</h3><h3>1. 单数可数名词和表示物质或抽象的不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。复数可数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。</h3><h3>The book is very interesting.这本书非常有趣。</h3><h3>The air in the countryside is fresh.乡下的空气很新鲜。</h3><h3>These books are quite cheap.这些书很便宜。</h3><h3>2. 集合名词作主语,视具体情况而定。</h3><h3>(1)clothing,furniture,equipment等集体名词表示单数概念,谓语动词用单数。如:</h3><h3>a piece of clothing/furniture 一件衣服/家具</h3><h3>The furniture he bought is pleasant to look at.他买的家具看上去很舒适。</h3><h3>(2)people,police等集体名词表示复数概念,谓语动词用复数。如:</h3><h3>The people in Beijing are friendly to tourists.北京人对游客很友好。</h3><h3>(3)class,family,public,team,audience等集合名词被视为整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;被视为个体时,则用复数形式。如:</h3><h3>Jane’s family is a big one.简的家庭是一个大家庭。</h3><h3>His family are waiting for you.他一家人都在等你。</h3><h3>3. 英语中有一些以s结尾的词,如news,maths,physics,politics 等名词,这些词本身是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。</h3><h3>No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。</h3><h3>Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜爱的学科。</h3><h3>4. and连接的并列主语指同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数;若指两个事物,则用复数。 both … and连接的词作主语,谓语动词用复数。</h3><h3>The writer and singer is my friend.那位作家兼歌唱家是我的朋友。 (指同一个人)</h3><h3>The red and the white roses are both beautiful.红玫瑰与白玫瑰都很美。 (指两种玫瑰)</h3><h3>Salt and water is a good drink in summer.盐水是夏天的好饮料。 (指同一个物体)</h3><h3>Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。</h3><h3>5. 主语后跟 with,together with,but,except,as well as等组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。</h3><h3>A woman with two children has come.一个妇女带着两个孩子来了。</h3><h3>I as well as they am ready to help you.我和他们准备帮助你。</h3><h3>6. 由 not only … but also …,or,either … or …,neither … nor …连接的并列主语和There be 句型中,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致,即“就近原则”。</h3><h3>Neither I nor he has finished the work.我和他都没完成工作。</h3><h3>7. 由 every,each,each of,either of,neither of修饰的名词以及 every … and every …, each … and each …, no … and no …等连接的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Every hour and every minute is important.每个小时和每一分钟都是重要的。</h3><h3>Neither of them was late for school.他们俩谁也没迟到。</h3><h3>8. 表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。</h3><h3>Ten years is a moment in history.十年在历史上只是一瞬间。</h3><h3>Ten yuan is enough.十元足够了。</h3><h3>9. 表示整体中的一部分的名词或代词作主语,谓语动词以of后的名词来决定用单、复数。 常见的结构有:分数、小数或百分数+of,all / some / any / none /half / most(of),lots(a lot) of / the rest of / plenty of+名词或代词。</h3><h3>Half of the money has been spent.已经花掉了一半的钱。</h3><h3>Over 70% of the students are interested in English.超过70%的学生对英语感兴趣。</h3><h3>10.a number of+复数名词,意为“许多……”作主语,谓语动词用复数。the number of+复数名词,意为“……的数目”作主语,谓语动词用单数。</h3><h3>A number of books have been lent out.许多书已经借出去了。</h3><h3>The number of the pages in this book is five hundred.这本书共500页。</h3><h3>11.both,(a)few,many,several等限定词修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数。</h3><h3>Both(of)these films are boring.这两部电影都没意思。</h3><h3>二、名词化的形容词或分词前加 the,表示一类人或事物时,谓语动词用复数;表示个人或抽象概念时,则用单数。</h3><h3>The old in this country are taken good care of.这个国家的老人被照顾得很好。</h3><h3>The dead was his brother.死者是他的兄弟。</h3><h3>三、基数词单纯表示数字作主语,谓语通常用单数。用作运算的数词作主语,谓语也常用单数。</h3><h3>Ten billion is a large number.100亿是个大数字。</h3><h3>Three plus five is eight.三加五等于八。</h3><h3>四、合成代词 some( any, no, every) +thing ( body,one)作主语,谓语动词用单数。</h3><h3>Everyone needs food and clothing. 衣食为人人所需。</h3><h3>五、动词不定式、 动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词用单数。</h3><h3>To look after babies is her job.照看婴儿是她的工作。</h3><h3>Smoking is not allowed in public.在公共场合不允许吸烟。</h3><h3>六、关系代词 who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词和先行词保持人称和数的一致。</h3><h3>There are some programs on TV that are good for children.电视上有些节目对孩子有好处。</h3><h3>I know the girl who draws well.我认识那个绘画很好。</h3>