小儿咳嗦攻略

娄晓红

<h3><br></h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">咳嗽全攻略</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">西医</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">咳嗽(Cough)是人体的一种保护性呼吸反射动作。通过咳嗽反射能有效清除呼吸道内的分泌物或进入气道的异物。但咳嗽也有不利的一面,剧烈咳嗽可导致呼吸道充血。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">按照咳嗽的性质划分,咳嗽无痰或痰量极少,称为干性咳嗽。干咳或刺激性咳嗽常见于急性或慢性咽喉炎. 咳嗽伴有咳痰称为湿性咳嗽,常见于慢性支气管炎等。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">过敏性咳嗽</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">1. 过敏性咳嗽是机体对抗原性或非抗原性刺激引起的一种持续性炎性反应,患儿常出现持续性或反复发作的剧烈咳嗽。如不及时诊断和积极治疗这种咳嗽,大约有42.9%患儿就可出现哮喘症状,甚至发展为支气管哮喘。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">如何鉴别小儿过敏性咳嗽呢?过敏性咳嗽可发生于任何年龄的小儿,咳嗽反复或持续发作一个月以上。发病并不限于冬春二季,以夜间和早晨发作较多见,运动或哭闹时咳嗽加重。大部分孩子的咳嗽为刺激性咳嗽,有痰液。往往有家族或个人过敏史。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">小儿一般不适合使用中枢性镇咳药,婴幼儿的呼吸系统发育尚不成熟,咳嗽反射较差,气道管腔狭窄,纤毛运动较差,痰液不易排出,如果一咳嗽,便给予较强的止咳药,咳嗽虽暂时得以停止,但运痰功能和支气管平滑肌的收缩蠕动功能受到了抑制,痰液不能顺利排出,大量痰液蓄积在气管和支气管内,影响呼吸功能。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">中医</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">按中医理论,把咳嗽分为热咳、寒咳、伤风咳嗽和内伤咳嗽</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">今天我们主要讲热咳和寒咳。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">风寒侵袭,多见于冬春两季。寒咳表现:痰多色稀白,呈泡沫状,喉间有痰声,且头痛,鼻塞,流清涕,或伴有怕冷、畏寒,无汗,舌淡红,苔薄白。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">风热咳嗽:咳嗽,痰黄质稠,咽喉疼痛,鼻流浊涕,发热口渴,舌红苔薄黄。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">阴虚咳嗽:干咳无痰或痰少黏稠,口渴咽干,喉痒声嘶,手足心热或潮热盗汗,舌红少苔或花剥。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">q</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">小儿咳嗽,晚上和白天是不一样的 </h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">​中医认为咳嗽必有痰,认为是肺气不清,失于宣肃,上逆作声而引起咳嗽为其证候特征。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">咳嗽常发生的时间,是各有不同的:</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">1、白天的咳嗽,阳症实证为多。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">2、夜晚的咳嗽,阴症虚症为多。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">3、睡前和起床后咳嗽,代表气管里有痰,体位调整后,痰的位置变化刺激气管导致,所以,应以化痰、排痰为主;选穴选择膻中穴和肺俞穴、肃肺法</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">4、白天的咳嗽,常常是见风见寒所致,所以小儿推拿用清法多;可以用清肺经、一窝风的手法。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">5、深夜里的咳嗽,有的是因为暖气太干,喝点水就好;</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">上半夜为阴中之阴,小儿推拿建议更多用滋阴的手法,比如补肾经、二人上马;下半夜为阴中之阳,可以分阴阳、分肩胛骨(分背阴阳)。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">小儿推拿治疗咳嗽,要么治痰、要么治寒、要么滋阴;记得一句话:初期在肺,中期在脾,后期在肾。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">咳嗽通用推拿</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">最近咳嗽的孩子特别多,和大家分享两个穴位:揉肺俞,分推肩胛骨,咳嗽的克星,治各种咳嗽。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">1、揉肺腧穴</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">手指放在肺俞穴上顺时针或者逆时针轻揉5~10分钟。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">2、分推肩胛骨</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">两大拇指在肩胛骨内侧从上向下分推50~100次。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">可以治疗孩子咳嗽,无论是受寒,或者是肺热,或者是肺炎、感冒等,均可以用。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">咳嗽推拿手法:清肺经、清肝经、补脾经、逆运内八卦各3分钟左右、擦肩背部及胸部(重点肺俞和膻中部位)擦热、搓摩胁肋15-20次,按揉丰隆穴3分钟左右(痰多可加长时间)、捏脊6-8遍。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">操作方法:</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">1、肺经位于无名指末节螺纹面,从指根向指尖的方向直推为清肺经。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">2、肝经位于食指末节罗纹面,从指根向指尖的方向直推为清肝经。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">3、脾经位于拇指桡侧指端到指根的位置。沿拇指桡侧缘从指尖向指根方向直推。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">4、内八卦位置:手掌面以掌心内劳宫为圆心,内劳宫到中指根中外1/3交界处为半径所作圆周上的八个点。从小鱼际起按顺时针排列依次为乾、坎、艮、震、巽、离、坤、兑。用拇指端按兑、坤、离、巽.....依次推运一周,称逆运内八卦。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">5、擦肩背部及胸部,用全掌横擦肩背部及胸部,以透热为度。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">6、搓摩胁肋,从两腋下快搓慢移至天枢穴下。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">7、丰隆穴位于外踝尖上8寸,胫骨前缘外侧,胫腓骨之间。用拇指端按揉。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">8、捏脊,两手拇指和食、中指相对沿脊柱两旁,由龟尾部向大椎方向捏起皮肤,双手交替捻动向前推进。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">调护方面:</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">1、避免感受风邪,积极预防感冒。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">2、注意休息,咳嗽重的患儿可影响睡眠,保持室内安静,保证充足的睡眠。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">3、经常变换体位及拍打背部,以促进痰液的排出。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">5、饮食应给予易消化、清淡之食品,少食生冷、过甜、过硬之品。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">宝宝咳嗽🈶️痰的正确家庭护理:</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">1️⃣</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">保持室内空气清新</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">开窗透气、保持室内湿度。室内的湿度对于感冒的宝宝来说,利于呼吸道黏膜的湿润状态和纤毛的摆动,有助于痰的排出。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">2️⃣</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">饮水</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">少量多次喝温水会起到湿润和物理治疗的作用,可以稀释痰液,有利于祛痰和局部消除炎症。同时,喂水还能促进血液循环,促进排尿,有利于将病毒、细菌排出。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">3️⃣</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">蒸汽法</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">妈妈可以抱着宝宝,用杯子装一杯热水,放在宝宝的鼻翼下。水蒸气通过宝宝的呼吸作用,可以起到稀释痰液的作用。不过,妈妈要小心做好防护,不要烫伤到宝宝。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">4️⃣</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">拍背法</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">拍背法是最重要的排痰方法,有时宝宝痰液在用以上方法都不易排出的时候,就需要妈妈用拍背法来帮助宝宝。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  拍痰有助于松动痰液,虽然拍完后宝宝不一定会将痰咳出,有时也会直接咽到肚子里,但是只要痰液位置移动,就可减少并发症的产生。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  STEP 1 找到有痰部位</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  用耳朵靠近宝宝胸部,仔细听他的呼吸声,只要能听到“呼噜呼噜”的声音,那就是痰的位置。当然,痰声有时不如想象中那样容易判断,建议父母先带宝宝看儿科医生,在确定痰液的位置之后,再为宝宝拍痰。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  STEP 2 手呈杯状</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  手指并拢,手掌弯曲成杯状,手腕放松,敲打宝宝身体时会发出气声。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  STEP 3 宝宝的准备姿势</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  1-痰液在肺部两侧</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  宝宝趴在床上,用小枕头顶住腹部或躺在父母大腿上,呈头低脚高的姿势,拍击左右肺部。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  2-痰液在上肺部</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  将宝宝抱直,趴在父母胸前,拍击肩胛骨上方。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  STEP 4 正确拍击</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">  只要手部姿势正确,拍击时就会发出很大的声响,而且宝宝不会感觉身体不舒服。拍的时候要由下而上,持续拍击5~10分钟,或者是默数300下,要注意不能拍脊椎及腰部。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">咳嗽期间一定要注意饮食调理,清淡为主,多喝水。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">忌肥甘厚腻,比如蛋糕,奶油,巧克力,油炸食品,肥肉,海鲜,干果等。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">忌鱼、肉、蛋、奶类(如酸奶,大孩子忌牛奶)</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">忌过咸的、甜的、酸的、凉的(如冰激凌)</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">忌生冷水果、辛辣刺激食物。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">否则咳嗽会加重、痰增多,病程会延长。</h3><h3 style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.34rem; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular !important;">小儿推拿咳嗽八忌</h3>