<p><b style="font-size: 20px;">资料来源/网络</b></p><p><b style="font-size: 20px;">美篇编辑/飞天</b></p> <h3><span style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><b> 对于X线、CT、B超、核磁共振(MRI) 这些常用的影像学检查,很多人多分不清楚。天津医科大学总医院骨科主任医师雪原把身体比作食物,告诉你这些检查如何发挥不同的作用。</b></span></h3> <h1> 1⃣️</h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> X光:像把面包压扁了看</font></strong></h1> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> X光会穿过人体,遇到被遮挡的部位,底片上不会曝光,洗片后这个部位就是白色的。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 比如,大腿的骨头是圆的,可是片子上是平的,但可以看到其中丝丝屡屡的骨小梁。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 就像一片面包或一块棉花,看不到里面的纤维纹理,但用手压瘪了会清晰一些。其最大缺点是深浅组织的影像相互重叠,相互隐藏,有时还需要拍侧位的X光片。</h3></div> <h1> 2⃣️</h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> CT:像把面包切片看</font></strong></h1> <h3><span style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"> CT的检查原理是X光会分层穿过人体,之后通过电脑计算后二次成像,就像把一片面包切成片来看,其优点是可以分层看,而且经计算后可以显示出更多的组织信息。</span></h3> <h1> 3⃣️</h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> B超:像挑西瓜前敲一敲</font></strong></h1> <h3><span style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"> B超的原理是用超声波穿透人体,当声波遇到不同的组织,特别是组织界面时会产生反射波,超声探头一面发出超声,一面接受反射波,并通过计算反射波成像。就像挑西瓜一样,边敲边看显示病灶情况。</span></h3> <h1> 4⃣️</h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> MRI:摇一摇再看</font></strong></h1> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 核磁共振(MRI)的显影原理是探测水分子的变化。身体里的水分子,在不同组织中含量差别较大,但是每个水分子的磁场磁力线方向都是随意的。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 核磁共振机使用较强大的磁场,使人体中所有水分子磁场的磁力线方向一致,这时磁共振机的磁场突然消失,身体中水分子的磁力线方向,突然恢复到原来随意排列的状态。反复多次施加磁场又突然消失,核磁共振机会得到充分的数据并运算后成像。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 简单说就相当于用手摇一摇,让水分子振动起来,再平静下来,感受一下里面的振动。所以,核磁共振(MRI)也被戏说为是摇摇看的检查。</h3></div> <h1> 5⃣️</h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> 医生为啥这样开检查单?</font></strong></h1> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 就诊时,医生常会开各种各样的影像学检查单:超声、CT、核磁……不少患者对此很不解,还会质疑医生有时故意开高价检查单。其实,医生是依据不同病情选不同影像检查的。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><b>1、外伤骨头——粗看X光片、细看CT、核磁看不清</b><br></h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 各种外伤,如果怀疑伤到了骨头,X光片的检查结果快速易得,一般是最先选择。如果要进一步更细观察,可以选择CT。超声、核磁对于骨皮髓质等看不大清,其效果不及X射线为基础的X光片与CT。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3><b>2、颈椎腰椎——最佳选核磁、次选CT</b></h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 颈椎病、腰椎间盘突出等椎间盘疾病需要观察椎间盘与相应的神经根,要想更好观察这些软组织,最优选择就是核磁。同样,对于关节、肌肉、脂肪组织检查,核磁也是首选。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3><b>3、胸部——大致了解看X光片,细致分析选CT,看肺不要选核磁</b></h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> X光胸片可粗略检查心脏、主动脉、肺、胸膜、肋骨等,可以检查有无肺纹理增多、肺部钙化点、主动脉结钙化等。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 相比X线,胸部CT检查显示出的结构更清晰,对胸部病变检出敏感性和显示病变的准确性均优于常规X光胸片,特别是对于早期肺癌确诊有决定性意义。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 高分辨CT又进一步增加了对肺部观察的分辨率,对于某些疾病(如肺间质疾病)意义重大,但是CT检查的辐射剂量明显高于X线。核磁对于肺部疾病的诊断,应用非常有限。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3><b>4、腹部盆腔——除肠道外,一般超声都能查</b></h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 胆囊等腹腔器官受呼吸影响较大,进而影响到CT、核磁成像,而超声不会因此受影响。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 同时,超声对肝脏、脾脏、胰腺、肾脏、盆腔脏器等诊断准确率较高,在有经验的超声医生检查下,准确率不亚于CT、核磁。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 但是超声受气体干扰很大,对于肠道等含气较多的器官,超声诊断准确率会降低。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><b>5、心脏——排除冠心病用CT,看心功能用超声</b></h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 如果是常规的心脏结构与功能检查,心脏彩超所提供的信息已经较为充分,又简单易行。</h3><h3><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 用CT检查冠状动脉,若未发现狭窄,即可排除冠心病,冠脉CT检查辐射量较大,不适合作为常规体检。核磁虽无电磁辐射,但对冠状动脉的观察不及CT。心脏核磁是评价心脏结构和功能的“金标准”。当发生心肌梗死时,心脏核磁能准确显示心脏房室腔大小、室壁厚度。</h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3><strong><font color="#ed2308">延伸阅读:</font></strong></h3><p style="color: rgb(76, 76, 76);"><strong><br></strong></h3><h3><strong><font color="#b04fbb">体检漏掉6项可能误大病,为你私人定制一张“体检项目清单”</font></strong></h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><strong><font color="#1564fa"> 1⃣️体检前做好7件事</font></strong><br></h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 体检的主要目的是评估当前健康状态,为了体检结果不受影响,应注意以下几点:</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">1.体检前勿大量饮酒、大鱼大肉、熬夜或短期剧烈运动。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">2.空腹时间不要太长或太短。如果要在早晨8点抽血,前一天晚上8点以后就不要再进食了。空腹抽血最好在早上7点半到8点半之间进行。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">3.体检前一天晚上最好别大量饮水,特别是12点以后。体检当天早上可以少量喝水,控制在50~100毫升以内。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">4.高血压、糖尿病、心脏病等慢性病患者应照常吃药,以免引起心脑血管意外。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">5.体检前一天不要做剧烈运动,以免影响血糖、肌酐、肝功能等血液检测结果。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">6.体检当天宜轻便着装,不戴隐形眼镜、不化妆、不戴首饰。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">7.感冒、发烧时不体检。女性月经期不做妇科检查及尿检。</h3></div> <h3><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> </font></strong></h3><h3><strong style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><font color="#1564fa"> 2⃣️体检千万别漏这6项</font></strong><br></h3> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 体检中,人们最常犯的错误是随意漏检一些重要项目。调查显示,“弃检”项目中排在第一位的是肛门指检,39%的人主动放弃。<br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><b>医生提醒你,漏掉以下几项不检查,小心耽误大病:</b></h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3><strong>1.肛门指检</strong></h3><h3><strong><br></strong></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> “肛门指检”是一种方便、经济、安全、准确的检查方法,仅凭外科医生一根手指就能令常见的肛肠疾病(如痔疮、肛裂、肛瘘、直肠息肉、直肠肿瘤等)和前列腺疾病(如前列腺肥大、前列腺癌等)原形毕露。</h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 很多人因为害羞或害怕在“肛门检查”那一栏里写了放弃。实际上,直肠指检并没有想象中那么不舒服。<br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 中国人直肠癌的发病率逐年上升并趋向年轻化,80%的癌肿可以通过肛门指检被发现,因此即使毫无症状,40岁以上人群应每年进行一次直肠指检。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><strong>2.尿常规</strong></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 尿检是肾脏、泌尿生殖系统疾病的第一道风向标,且敏感性高。<br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 即使没有症状,一般也需每年筛查一次尿常规。如果已有高血压、糖尿病等,则应根据病情,每年定期检查两次或两次以上。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3><strong>3.粪便分析</strong></h3><h3><strong><br></strong></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><h3> 很多人嫌麻烦不验粪便。粪便分析是消化道疾病的“照妖镜”,可以了解胃肠道有无出血、炎症、寄生虫感染、消化吸收功能等情况。</h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 粪便检查结果,特别是反复的潜血试验阳性,若除外痔疮、肛裂等原因,往往是早期胃肠道肿瘤的信号。若放弃大小便检查,极有可能错失早期发现疾病的良机。<br></h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><strong>4.胸片</strong></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 很多人“谈 X 线色变”,因为怕辐射而不拍胸片,这其实是得不偿失的行为。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 拍胸片可大致了解胸部情况,发现部分支气管疾患、结核、肺癌等。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">拍一次胸片的辐射量很小,仅相当于7~10天自然辐射量,对普通人身体的影响基本可以忽略。孕妇或计划3个月内怀孕的女性可不拍胸片。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><strong>5.妇科检查</strong><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 不少女性常会避开这项检查,认为只要检查子宫附件B超就足够了。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 除了妇检中要暴露隐私部位以及回答一些令人尴尬的问题外,更多是因为不了解妇检到底查了些什么。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 看似简单的妇科检查,可以发现很多妇科疾病: </h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 看外阴有无肿瘤、炎症、尖锐湿疣等;<br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 阴道检查看有无畸形、炎症、白带异常等;</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 宫颈检查要看宫颈形态,有没有炎症、肿物,并进行宫颈细胞学检查。九成以上的宫颈癌可以由此检出。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 此外,妇科检查还包括触诊了解子宫的大小形态以及子宫的位置,一些卵巢肿瘤、子宫内膜异位、子宫肌瘤、盆腔粘连等疾病也可能被发现。因此,有过性生活的女性,每年应至少接受一次妇科检查。</h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><strong>6.五官科检查</strong><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 很多人只重视心肝肺,忽视耳鼻眼口。如果体检时放弃五官科检查,可能错过发现很多疾病或癌前病变的机会。</h3></div> <div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 耳鼻喉科不仅可发现大部分急慢性炎症,还可筛查浅表肿瘤。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 眼科对青光眼、白内障、眼底出血等常见病检出率非常高。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 口腔科除了可发现牙齿和牙周问题,更能发现口腔黏膜癌前病变,如黏膜白斑、纤维化等。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><strong> 3⃣️特别提醒</strong></h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"><br></h3><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> “肝功能异常”“高血脂”“甲状腺/乳腺/肺结节”……一本厚厚的体检报告可能会罗列几条甚至十几条“阳性发现”,很多人常被吓得寝食难安。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 重视体检结果没错,但不要过度紧张,个别项目偶尔一次不在正常范围内,不见得就是疾病,一定先要咨询医生。</h3></div><div style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: rgb(76, 76, 76); font-family: 寰蒋闆呴粦, "Microsoft yahei", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.76799964904785px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><p style="padding-top: 0.32rem; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 另外,<strong>建议大家把近些年的体检报告妥善保存,方便观察身体指标的变化。</strong></h3></div> <p class="ql-block"> (本文转载来自网络,来源凤凰新闻,著作权归原作者所有)</p><p class="ql-block"><b> 本人长期从事医疗行政工作,觉此文非常有用,故制作此美篇,以飨读者。 </b></p> <h1><br></h1><h1><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);"><i>关爱生命,请留意来自良心医生的视频:</i></b></h1><p><br></p> <h1><b style="color: rgb(21, 100, 250);">心脏骤停,请记住黄金四分钟的第一反应!👇</b></h1> <h1><b style="color: rgb(21, 100, 250);">如果发生脑血管意外,请记住这位医生的提醒🔔:👇</b></h1> <p><b style="color: rgb(21, 100, 250); font-size: 20px;">脑出血和脑梗死👇</b></p> <p><b style="font-size: 20px; color: rgb(21, 100, 250);">一种特殊类型的头痛👇</b></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(21, 100, 250); font-size: 20px;">一天中,脑梗死最容易发生的时间👇</b></p> <h1><b style="color: rgb(21, 100, 250);">高血压患者应该怎样👇</b></h1> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size: 20px;">异物卡入食管,海姆立克急救法演示👇</b></p> <p><b style="font-size: 20px; 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