年,钱,福字的起源与演变

郭仓余

<h5>1、年的来历</h5><h5>相传,中国古时候有一种叫"年"的怪兽,头长触角,凶猛异常。"年"长年深居海底,每到除夕才爬上岸,吞食牲畜伤害人命。因此,每到除夕这天,村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼逃往深山,以躲避"年"兽的伤害。</h5><h5>这年除夕,桃花村的人们正上山避难,村外来了个乞讨的老人,只见他手拄拐杖,银须飘逸,目若朗星。乡亲们有的封窗锁门,有的收拾行装,到处人喊马嘶,谁还有心关照这位乞讨的老人。只有村东头一位老婆婆给了老人些食物,并劝他快上山躲避"年"兽,那老人捋髯笑道:婆婆若让我在家呆一夜,我一定把"年"兽撵走。老婆婆惊目细看,见他鹤发童颜、气宇不凡。可她仍继续劝说,乞讨老人笑而不语。婆婆无奈,只好撇下家,上山避难去了。半夜时分,"年"兽闯进村。它发现村里气氛与往年不同:村东头老婆婆家,门贴大红纸,屋内烛火通明。"年"兽浑身一抖,怪叫了一声。"年"朝婆婆家怒视片刻,随即狂叫着扑过去。将近门口时,院内突然传来"砰砰啪啪"的炸响声,"年"浑身战栗,再不敢往前凑了。原来,"年"最怕红色、火光和炸响。这时,婆婆的家门大开,只见院内一位身披红袍的老人在哈哈大笑。"年"大惊失色,狼狈逃蹿了。</h5><h5>第二天是正月初一,避难回来的人们见村里安然无恙十分惊奇。这时,老婆婆才恍然大悟,赶忙向乡亲们述说了乞讨老人的许诺。乡亲们一齐拥向老婆婆家,只见婆婆家门上贴着红纸,院里一堆未燃尽的竹子仍在"啪啪"炸响,屋内几根红腊烛还发着余光……欣喜若狂的乡亲们为庆贺吉祥的来临,纷纷换新衣戴新帽,到亲友家道喜问好。这件事很快在周围村里传开了,人们都知道了驱赶"年"兽的办法。</h5><h5>从此每年除夕,家家贴红对联、燃放爆竹;户户烛火通明、守更待岁。初一一大早,还要走亲串友道喜问好。这风俗越传越广,成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日。</h5> <p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">甲骨文的“年”字像一个人头顶着一捆谷物。有的“年”字上边像禾苗,下边像人。禾在古代就是谷物,是各类谷物的通称,就像我们今天把各种谷物叫做“农作物”或者“庄稼”一样。</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">在古代,中国以农为本,用农耕立国,炎帝神农氏就是这个时代的领路人。炎帝培育了中国最早的粟类谷物。这些谷物原本是野生的狗尾巴草,经过培育成为穗大粒饱的野生优良品种,耐寒喜温,生长期短,适合在黄土地区半干旱气候条件下生长,是旱地主要农作物。</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">古人通过对谷物生长周期的观察,产生了时间周期的概念,人们把一年分为十二个月,也就是地球环绕太阳一周的时间。后来人们又把十二个月的时间分为春、夏、秋、冬四个季节,在这四个季节里,更明确了“春种秋收”的时间概念。</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">秋收之后,粮食归仓,俗话说“秋收冬藏”,丰收的谷物要由人来肩扛人背,“年”字就是人扛着沉甸甸的谷穗,表示年成、收获、丰收的意思。</h3> <h5>2、福字的来历</h5><h3>相传武王伐纣胜利后,姜太公封神时,把自己的妻子叶氏封为穷神,还告诉她说:“有福的地方,你不能去。”从此,家家过年贴福字,就是告诉穷神,我这里是有福的地方,你千万不能进来。福字,就是摆脱穷困、追求幸福的象征。当然了这只是一个传说,但体现出百姓向往好运的心念。</h3><h3><ul><li><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">福是最古老的文字之一,约有三千年历史。甲骨文中的福字,是装酒器具在神前的形状,因为古人用酒象征生活富裕。</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);">春节贴"福"字,无论是现在还是过去,都寄托了人们对幸福生活的向往,也是对美好未来的祝愿。民间为了体现这种向往和祝愿,在门前贴上福字,甚至到后来将"福"字倒过来贴,以求谐音"福倒了","福气已到"。</span></li></ul></h3> <p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">1、福在<a href="https://m.baidu.com/s?word=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&amp;from=1018914a&amp;lqsource=-1&amp;dmaseid=dmaseid295&amp;qid=00000000260b63fc&amp;sa=gh_wise_zhidao" class="queries-inchain" style="color: rgb(58, 127, 222);">中国</a>古代:—曰“顺”,新年伊始贴福字,祈求在新的一年里能一顺百顺,诸事如意,吉祥并臻。二曰“保佑”,贴上福字能求得保佑,逢凶化吉,遇难呈祥。三曰“创造幸福”,贴上福字乃告诫家庭成员,在新的一年里,全家人要团结一致,同心协力,创造一个幸福家庭。四曰“拜”,古时祭祀要行跪拜之礼,“福”字本身就有“拜”一解。</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">《镜花缘》第八十五回:“于是面对戏台,福了—福’,句中的“福”则是“拜”意,即为了求得达到上述贴福字的目的,对天地鬼神为之一拜;</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">2、福在中国现代:“福”字现在的解释是“幸福”,春节贴“福”字,无论是现在还是过去,都寄托了人们对幸福生活的向往,也是对美好未来的祝愿;</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">3、福在国际上:“世界福”的诞生是时代发展的必然,在“世界福”标识创作完成不久,第66届联合国大会宣布每年的3月20日为“国际幸福日”。</h3><p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); list-style: none; margin-top: 13px; margin-bottom: 13px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">在人间最美好的福愿里向来有五福(福、禄、寿、喜、财)临门的说法,“世界福”将中华传统的“五福”巧妙地融入设计中,并涵括了“世界福”的九个福愿,堪称“至尊之福”,寓意“世界福”即将成为“世界共同幸福”的至尊符号。</h3> <h5>3、钱的起源与演变</h5><h5>起源:在原始社会末期最早出现的钱是实物。一般来说游牧民族以牲畜、兽皮类来充当,而农业民族以五谷、布帛、农具、陶器、海贝,珠玉等来充当。据考古发掘新石器时代晚期遗址,如半坡出土大量陶罐作为殉葬物;大汶口文化殉葬大量猪头和下颚骨,表明猪和陶器在原始社会后期曾起过钱的作用。但众所周知,流通较广的古代钱是“贝”。因为牛、羊、猪等牲畜不能分割,五谷会腐烂,珠玉太少,刀铲笨重,故最后集中到海贝这一实物。海贝可作颈饰,有使用价值,便于携带与计数,因此在长期商品交换中被选为钱。在考古发掘中,夏代,商代遗址出土过大量天然贝,贝作为钱一直沿用到春秋时期。因此中国汉字中和财富,价值有关的字大多与“贝”字有关。</h5><h5>演变:自然货币向人工货币的演变。贝是我国最早的货币,商朝以贝作为货币。在中国的汉字中,凡与价值有关的字,大都从“贝”。随着商品交换的发展,货币需求量越来越大,海贝已无法满足人们的需求,商朝人们开始用铜仿制海贝。铜币的出现,是我国古代货币史上由自然货币向人工货币的一次重大演变。随着人工铸币的大量使用,海贝这种自然货币便慢慢退出了中国的货币舞台。</h5> <h3><font color="#993300" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; color: rgb(153, 51, 0); caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><strong style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font color="#000000" data-domkey="k154994845221075681" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">戔</font></strong>,既是声旁也是形旁,是“<font face="Arial" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font color="#993300" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><strong style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font color="#000000" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">踐</font></strong></font></font></font>”的省略,表示残杀、争夺。<font face="Arial" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font color="#993300" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><strong style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><font color="#000000" style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">錢</font></strong></font></font></font>,篆文<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=c15e05ed3a6d3572ab3b0047e5209e9e&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F41zh00%2Egif" width="15" height="25" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=78a832801d6589cfac6aba1a66469980&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F00001denghao%2Egif" width="9" height="8" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=67b50f905dae92722e61a8528e9fd28e&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F41zh01%2Egif" width="9" height="23" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">(<u style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">金,铜币</u>)<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=dc556c4f6aa9162eda04a2773141848e&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F00002jiahao%2Egif" width="10" height="10" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;"><img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=9e2ed6eadc39c3666d4ccd9e6c3a06d5&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F41zh02%2Egif" width="9" height="27" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">(<u style="margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">戔,即“踐”,残杀、争夺</u>),表示财富引发残杀、争夺。</font><strong data-domkey="k154994845426028554" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; color: rgb(60, 128, 189); caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">造字本义:名词,引发争夺撕杀、代表财富的铜币</strong><span style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">。</span><font color="#993300" data-domkey="k154994845076440910" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); margin-right: 4px; margin-left: 4px; color: rgb(153, 51, 0); caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; float: none; text-overflow: clip; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">隶书<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=0ce71428070553ceeeb6347a7248459f&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F51li00%2Egif" width="21" height="15" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">将篆文字形中的<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=67b50f905dae92722e61a8528e9fd28e&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F41zh01%2Egif" width="9" height="23" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">写成<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=782894e14bacb50a9ced6697fa3b4eed&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F51li01%2Egif" width="12" height="17" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">,将篆文字形中的<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=9e2ed6eadc39c3666d4ccd9e6c3a06d5&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F41zh02%2Egif" width="9" height="27" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">写成<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=a312a6c3637c76dba3884b2e3a2db600&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F51li02%2Egif" width="12" height="17" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">。简体楷书<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=0c2e3ce67a42269191f84f6990ac3f87&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F62kai00%2Egif" width="20" height="17" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">依据草书字形<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=b0fd5b4cecfc8a17cc611c02eb764fd6&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F81cao00%2Egif" width="20" height="24" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">将正体楷书字形中的“金”<img src="https://ss0.baidu.com/6LVYsjip0QIZ8Aqbn9fN2DC/timg?pa&amp;quality=100&amp;size=b640_10000&amp;sec=1549936874&amp;di=62b7cf65b4f9e37a145fb425871c0ee0&amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FWordInfo%2Easpx%3Fid%3D3472&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Evividict%2Ecom%2FUserFiles%2FImage%2F%3D%3DCE%2D%2Dshangye%3D%3D%2F%2D%2DCE3%2D%2Djin%28zu%29%2D%2D%2F007qian%2F61kai01%2Egif" width="11" height="21" class="tc-view-image" style="margin: 4px; height: auto; float: none; text-overflow: clip; max-width: 100%; clear: none; display: inline; line-height: 30px !important;">简写</font><br></h3>