【双语版】狗狗的守望 The dog's watch

一朵莲花(张勇)

　　大致从2005年前后开始，石狗，成了我们雷州热词，至少在文化圈里如此。那一年，我在三元塔博物馆集中一览雷州的石狗，当时很有勾魂感触，特别是对着其中几尊石狗，居然能活灵活现的想象到那个雕刻者，很有跟他们说话的欲望，可惜匆忙，只好拍照，留着。现在翻看，勾起多年回忆，熟悉又遥远。

“Stone dogs” has exactly been a hot word in our Leizhou cultural sphere since about 2005. In that year, I was very touching in front of a lot of Leizhou stone in Sanyuan tower museum. For a few stone dogs, incredibly vivid imagination of the carver, I had a desire to talk to them, but in a hurry, I had to take pictures, kept.  Now I see the old pictures , recall years of memories, it seems familiar and distant.

残存的人文片段

我想起一位老人，小时候，大人叫他“虎公”，专门拿来吓唬熊孩子的绰号，而我们小朋友另外往吓人里头放进好玩的名字——石狗公，因为全村只有他与石狗生活在一起，又是住在被批判被打倒的封建宅子里，屋里连同周围都是关于妖魔鬼怪想象与故事的地方，是一个据说“虎漏”（捉虎的陷井）遍布于勒刺与灌木丛的地方，阴森恐怖，是被遗弃的古村遗址，与后面的新村之间被新社会所修的水渠隔开，成了迥然不同的新旧两个世界。石狗公是唯一的古村民，也是浑然旧世界的人，其实是新世界的五保户，就住在这个“古怪”屋子里。多年以后，我才反应过来（其实是记起来），这就是祠堂！你看看，谁让我们成了不肖子孙！

Remnants of humanity

I recollect an old man, when I was a child, adults told him " Tiger father", a nickname which dedicated to frighten the bad children, and the children got him another name into the funny--Stone dog father, because in the village, only he, lived with the stone dogs together, in a feudal house which was criticized and overthrowed, the whole place was full of imagination and stories about monsters.It was said to be a place of "tiger traps" (traps for catching tigers) all over the thorns and bushes. It is a spooky place, and the ruins of an abandoned ancient village separated from the new village behind by a canal built by the new society. He was the only ancient villager, but also the people of the old world, in fact, was a Five Guaranteed of the new world , lived in this "strange" house. After many years, I just understand (in fact, it is to remember), this is ancestral temple! You see, who let us become unworthy descendants!

　　听母亲说，他还是我们房的长辈，极少走过那座桥，到新村来。有一次很例外，不知道是谁送他一只鸡，他居然盛了一满碗鸡腿肉和鸡肝（吃鸡肝在我们那里是顶级待遇，而鸡腿，是小孩的专属）颤巍巍地送上来给我这个小毛孩，自那次以后，人们就一洗他神志不清，智商不好的印象，当他正常人了，因为，他说：我要将好东西留给德流公的子孙吃，大致德流公在他们那代人印象里，是个德高望重的人，我是他曾孙，就享受了这一次无上的福荫。现在想来，这也是一种言传身教的文化传承行为，他是一个守望者。

My mother told me that he was an elder of our clansmen, he seldom crossed the bridge to the new village. There was one  exception, nobody know who sent him a chicken, he should hold a full bowl of chicken meat and chicken liver, and sent it to my home rockily (chicken liver is top treatment in our country, and a chicken leg, is the child's exclusive). after that, people were aware of his IQ is normal, because, he said: I would give good food to Deliu’s descendents to eat. Roughly Deliu was a highly respected person in the mind of their generation, I had enjoyed one kind of clinking benefit as Delui’s great-grandson at that time. Now I think, it was also a kind of teaching by words and deeds of cultural inheritance, he was a watchman.

　　石狗公真像石狗，身材矮小，背和颈都有些驼，因此，头总是要仰着，一年四季一身粗布黑衣，面容含混不清，一团朴拙厚道，与生产队群众的穷开心形成鲜明差异，他这里是被遗弃的沉寂。至今，我都未能记得清他五官的具体样子，就如岁月侵蚀后的石狗面容一样模糊不清。印象中，也只有在祠堂那个范围见过石狗，包括祠堂前不远的石板坎，古村新村共用的村口，一个家与园之间必经的隘口，千年岁月磨圆的大石板，压着村子古老故事。

Stone dog father really liked stone dog, short stature, back and neck were a little bent, therefore, the head was always looking up, all year round he was dressed in rough black clothes, the face was not clear, he looked simple and honest, it was sharp different from the Shiny Happiness of the masses of the  production team, here was abandoned silence. So far, I can't remember the exact shape of his features, as blurred as a stone dog's face after years of erosion. In the impression, only in the range of the ancestral temple, it appeared the stone dogs, there was a stone slope in front of the ancestral temple, it was the common gate of the new village and ancient village, and a common pass of home and park. The ancient stories of the village was covered with the stones honed in thousand years.

　　当时古树繁茂，前有莲池，清风徐来，天高云淡，再往前望去，就是一望无际，旱湿兼济，平缓交错的田园，间或有几抹尤加利防风林丰富层次，及些孤树散落其中。雨季里，还能清晰听到大溪的瀑布声。一对石狗就在这里，正好守望着这一切，如果画家发现这般景致，定会发疯，我也暗自庆幸脑海里还有这样别致的记忆，不开心的时候，还真会回忆那个画面，得些愉快。直到又恢复了祠堂祭祀，才重新关注与捡起这一切，可惜祠堂还在，石狗不见，说是上头来了保护令，辖区内的石狗都被请到三元塔石狗博物馆了，后来马上又说这样是破坏，应该留在原地原生态地保护。当时觉得有道理，现在看来，还是集中存放好，要不，恐怕现在是难得看到了。

At that time, the ancient trees were luxuriant, there was a lotus pond in front of the slope, the breeze was blowing slowly, the sky was high and the clouds were clear. looking ahead, you can see the endless, arid field and wet field arranged reasonably, a few layers of eucalyptus windbreaks interlaced gently in the fields which some solitary trees scattered among them. During the rainy season, the sound of the falls could be heard clearly from the blood. A pair of stone dogs were here, just watching all these, if the painters found this scene, will be crazy, I also secretly glad that there is such a unique memories in my mind, when I am not happy, will really recall that picture, then will get some fun. Until the ancestral temple sacrifice was recovered, people only re- and pick up all this, but the ancestral temple is still in, the stone dogs disappeared, it was said that the protection order came from the authorities, the stone dogs in the area had been invited to the Sanyuan tower stone dogs museum, immediately, they said that way was destructive, the stone dogs should stay in original place to protect the original ecology. At that time it made sense, but now it seems that it is better to be stored, otherwise, I am afraid it will be hard to see now.

　　冥冥之中，也正是因为这么一个石狗公需要住所的缘故，才有一个有力的说辞留下这祠堂，他宛如使者，完成最后守望。也就剩下这么一个三开间了，要不，按惯例，就得全部被拆砖，用来砌筑猪栏粪池等一干生产设施，现在可以看出，当时祠堂颇具规模，内容完善，也符合村史悠长的情况，除了三开间主建筑，其它什么门楼、照壁、厢房和围墙等等全部被拆得一干二净，后来周围的勒刺与老树，也几乎被在八九十年代铲光卖净，“虎漏”全部被填平，地块被开荒种植。石狗公走后，也就仅仅留下几棵菩提树守候这祠堂了。

Somewhere, just because the “Stone dog father”need a place living, then it was the powerful excuse to remain one house of the ancestral temple, he just like the emissary to finish the last watch. Only three rooms was remained, otherwise, traditionally, all bricks must be dismantled to lay  pigpens and manure pits for production. Now you can see, the ancestral temple was big, the content was complete, it accorded with the long history of the village. Except three rooms, the gate, the screen, the wing s and the walls were dismantled completely, afterwards, bambusas and old trees around the ancestral temple, had almost been sold or cut down, all the tiger traps had been filled up, the plot had been cleared for planting. After the death of Stone dog father, only a few bodhi tree stayed to watch the ancestral temple.

　　我之所以这么大篇幅地讲这些，不是为了宣传谭礼村这村子，而是为石狗扯回一个真实残存的人文生态片段。

I say this at length, it’s not to promote the Tanli village, but to bring back a true remnant of human ecology for the stone dogs.

　　石狗守望下的传统时空，望着影子都会令人心存依恋和遐想。

Under the traditional space and time of stone dogs watching, looking at the shadow will make people feel attachment and reverie.

为什么

是什么让我们小时候那样对传统事物如此之惧怕与抗拒？而如今，我们感觉如久违的亲人，有恍若隔世的切换感，也许，这样的切换，才让我们对自己的来路更加关注，回归一些本该拥有的宁静。  

Why

What made us so afraid and resistant to traditional things as children? And now, we think they seem long-lost relatives, as had a lifetime ago, perhaps, such a switch, let us pay more attention to the way we had come, return to some peace that we should have.

　　为什么是石狗？而不是石狮、石虎什么的？由于历史上，我们雷州这里的文明尚不如中原发展得那么成熟，史料记载有欠缺，又因为这里族群数经变迁，历史信息也就湮没不少，只有真实难蚀的石狗用它们坚硬的方式做些残缺记录，让后人做无边的研判。其实，石狗图腾崇拜，不是雷州独有，有说法是汉民族的保护神崇拜，在四川就出土了东汉时期的石狗。个人觉得这个说法也不太准确。为什么别的地方石狗几乎绝迹，唯独雷州还铺天盖地，独树一帜？  

Why it was stone dogs, instead of stone lions or stone tigers? because of the history, the civilization here in Leizhou is not as mature as that in the central plains, the historical records are not enough, and because of the change of ethnic groups here, the historical information was also annihilated. Only the real hard stone dogs make some incomplete records, so the futurities are hard to research. In fact, the totem worship of stone dogs is not unique to Leizhou, it was said that it was the worship of the protection god of the Han Dynasty, stone dogs from the Eastern Han Dynasty were unearthed in Sichuan. Personally, I think this statement is not very accurate, why stone dogs in other place almost disappears, but they only overspread all over Leizhou?

　　有可能是这个情况，狮子是个关键性因素，于西汉才来到中国，在这之前，神州大地的图腾崇拜比较分散，但其中可能以石狗为盛，自从狮子被引入中国后，朝庭就改用石狮而弃其它，包括石狗。也只有狮子的体量、神韵与魄力才可以跟中国第一个完善起来的封建王朝雄风匹配，也只有狮子的稀有才可以体现皇家的高贵，从而引导民间跟风改变。别的地方，由于历代行政辐射力的充分，经济文化渗透影响的透切，石狮替换进程也就透切，经过一千多年的洗礼，其它图腾基本湮没了，形成神州几乎无处不石狮的景象。  

It was possible that the lion was a key factor, it came to China in the Western Han Dynasty. Before that, the totem worship in China was relatively scattered, but the stone dogs was probably the most popular one, since the lions were introduced to China, the court replaced them with stone lions and abandoned others, including stone dogs. Only the size, charm and boldness of the lion can match the first perfect feudal dynasty in China, and only the rarity of the lion can reflect the nobility of the royal family, thus leading the folk to follow suit. In other places, due to the full influence of successive administrative radiation, economic and cultural infiltration, the replacement process of stone lions also was done thoroughly. After more than a thousand years of baptism, other totems were basically annihilated, forming the scene of stone lions almost everywhere in China.

　　雷州地处偏远，半岛地理结构，民族杂居，民风强悍不驯，方方面面，朝庭施加改变的投入产出比总会令人失望，任官大多以临时流放为主，顶多留下些旷世章句外，难有使当地长期推动与改变的作为，自然很多政策大都入乡随俗了，直到雷祖陈文玉的出现。他显然是个集大成者，据传，他也是一个汉人与本土人结合的后代，把他看成一个历史折衷的结果，一个朝庭与地方的妥协，也在情理之中。自然而然，本土很多文化现象也相对完整地保留下来，石狗文化极有可能是在这样的背景下，形成保全下来的决定性文化基因之一，特别是陈文玉的出生就附着与狗高度关联的神话传说，更加说明，他更多代表本土文化，雷祖一称，因此而得。由于他的巨大影响，石狗这个本土化文化现象得到空前的强化。可能由于族群整合斗争的原因，有一部分不愿归化的壮族苗族等少数民族迁往广西等地，如今的上林县、上思县等地还有祭拜石狗的习惯。  

Leizhou Peninsula is a remote district, many nations lived together, the folk character was toughly, and not fame, and every aspect, when the court imposed change, the -output ratio was always disappointing, as most officers were exiles, they could do very little, except for articles, it was difficult to make long-term change and promoting , many policies were mostly done in Rome as Rome done, until LeiZu Chen wen-yu, he is obviously a prime example, and it was said that he was also a descendant of the Hans and local people. It is reasonable to regard him as the result of a historical compromise, a compromise between court and place. Naturally, many indigenous cultural phenomena were also relatively complete to retain, the stone dogs culture maybe was the key cultural gene to be retained in the background, especially Chen wen-yu's birth is attached to a dog highly correlation of myths and legends, more to the point, he was more on behalf of the local culture, the name “LeiZu” was called so. Because of his great influence, the stone dogs—one of the local cultural phenomena was promoted unprecedentedly. Perhaps because of the struggles among the ethnic groups, some of the Zhuang, Miao and other minorities who did not want to be naturalized moved to places like Guangxi, today Shanlin country, Shansi country and other places have the habit of  stone dog worship.

　　其它地方有来自石狮的扩张，石狗规模终究没有雷州巨大，除了上述原因，从人文心理方面不妨可以探究一下。

In other places ,the stone lions extended, stone dogs was fewer than Leizhou, in addition to the above reasons, we can research it from the humanistic psychology.

预警  

可以想象，雷州先民的生活环境里充满各种威胁，来自动物的威胁与来自人的威胁，需要预警，没有什么比狗的嗅觉与听觉更有帮助了。

Warning

It can be imagined that the living environment of the Leizhou ancestors was full of various threats which were from animals and from people , it was required early warning, and nothing was more helpful than the sense of smell and hearing of dogs.

防卫  

威胁来了，狗可以吓阻与防卫，使一些威胁解除。

Defense

When threats came, dogs could scare and defend, making some threats go away.

搜索

先民有很大的生产内容是狩猎，而狩猎必先经过搜索，这个也是狗的特长，不可取代。

Searching 

Hunting was one of greatest production modes for the ancestors, searching was the first step , it was also the specialty of dogs and could not be replaced.

攻击

这个可以在狩猎与资源的竞争时派上用场，可以直接产生物质与经济效益.可以说，在古代，狗狗也是生产力的一部分，这是我们现代人常常忽略掉的。

Attacking

This could be used in the competition, including hunting and resources, and could directly produce material and economic benefits. It can be said that in ancient times, dogs were also a part of productivity, which modern people often ignore.

　　以上这些都是实实在在的需要与好处，狗狗在雷州先民的生活中几乎不可或缺，但是，还不足以说明石狗仅在雷州盛行的合理性，而必要性更应该是狗的很多脾性，精神方面的特征与雷州先民契合所致，这个需要在如下的几个方面，说一下雷州的人文心理了。

These were real needs and benefits, the dogs were almost indispensable in the life of the Leizhou ancestors, but it was not enough to explain the rationality of the stone dogs which were practiced only in Leizhou, the feature of dogs’s character and spirit were almost fit for the Lerzhou ancestors, it’s necessary to explain the humanistic psychology of Leizhou  in the following.

勤劳勇猛

雷州地瘠，灾害多，必须勤劳，知难而上方可生存，是个自然淘汰形成的结果，而狗狗任劳任怨，争先不畏是不争的事实。

Industrious and brave 

The soil was poor in Leizhou, there were more disasters, people must go upstream for life, it was the result of natural selection, and dogs work hard and unafraid is an indisputable fact.

乐天率性

雷州人天生率性乐天，总有一种穷开心的天然本事，狗狗的天性正好可以应和。调皮，会搞乐子，其乐融融，更有利于生活的绵长。

稍为细心的人们，可以看到雷州人在一起，打个招呼，总带有一些原生态的乐呵，有些同性年轻人一起，有时有些亲昵行为，千万不要往基友想哦，恰恰相反，雷州人的性别意识恰如闪电般清晰，男至刚，女至柔。

Lotte  willfulness 

Leizhou people are naturally spontaneous and cheerful, and they always have a natural ability to be happy, even if they were poor, the natural instincts just echoed this, they were naughty, and will make fun with happiness knowing no bounds, it was good for long life.

A little careful people, can see Leizhou person play together, say hello, always contain the joy of a few primitive ecology, some same sex youths play together, if sometimes they appear intimate, you must not think of that they are homosexual friend, on the contrary, the gender consciousness of Leizhou person just is as clear as lightning, male is hardest, and female is softest.

忠勇义气 

这是雷州人最为强悍的特质之一，忠于职守，该是自己的事，就毫不含糊地完成，而狗狗也如此。

Brave friendship

This is one of the most powerful characteristics of leizhou people, loyal to their duty, their own thing will be done unequivocally, and so does the dog.

刚正侠义

雷州人最有侠的气质了，总有一种路见不平一声嚎，该出手时就出手的自然冲动，就如狗狗，见到不对劲就吼叫，甚至进攻，毫不保留，当然，这里面还有雷神赋予的气质。  

雷州的社团文化，有这方面的渊源。

Righteousness and chivalrous 

Leizhou people have the most chivalrous temperament, they would like to say no to injustice, and naturally interfere with it, such as the dog, they will roar if they fell wrong, and even to attack without reservation, of course, there is the temperament given by thor.

Leizhou's community culture has its origin in this aspect.

灵气聪敏

雷州人有一种天不怕地不怕的气质，心理随时放松，没了包袱，灵气自生，富有行动力，狗狗的通人性与机敏是常识。

Smartness

Leizhou people are seldom afraid, the psychological will be relax at any time, have no burden, and rich power of action, everybody knows, the dogs understand people, and they are astute. 

　　经过改革开放，物质生活有保障后，雷州现在涌现大量艺术家与设计师，湛江设计力量就是典型例子。雷州精神底蕴正在迎来一次历史回归，假以时日，雷州半岛出现一些大艺术家就不会是奇怪的事情，这里不详述。

After the reform, opening up and the insurance of physical life, a large number of artists and designers have emerged in Leizhou, Zhanjiang's Design Strength is a typical example. The spirit of Leizhou is undergoing a historical return. Given time, it will be not surprising that some great artists have appeared in Leizhou peninsula, it will not be elaborated here.　  

　　只有一个例外，那就是常人所说狗的奴性，雷州人最不具奴性，其实，关于狗的奴性，是一种误解，应理解为强大的职责感与使命感，本质是忠诚。

Only one exception, people often talk about the dog servility, Leizhou people are the least servility. In fact, the servility of dogs is a misunderstanding, which should be understood as a strong sense of responsibility and mission, the essence is loyalty. 

　　舍狗其谁？足够了，足够让以陈文玉为代表的先民精英，坚持并强化石狗图腾崇拜，让石狗渗透到生活的方方面面，不光成了守护神，司仪，相当程度上当成了形影不离的生活伙伴，在生命里，预设了一份温情、慰藉与保障，要不，怎么会在家门乃至房顶、祠堂、路口、河口、桥头、村口、隘口、田头、水井、坟墓等，几乎无处不在，无态不融，这就是让石狗守望，守望现实家园，也守望精神家园。有了这个火候，中原来的石狮也难以取代，于是，就有了雷州石狗蔚然大观的独特现象，流传至今。

It was only the dogs, enough! It was the best reason to get the dogs become the best totem worship, Chen wen-yu was the best one of the ancient elites to promote it, they let the stone dogs penetrate into every aspect of life, not only became the patron saint, but also became good life partners, they gave people a tender feeling, comfort and security, the stone dogs stayed in the roofs, ancestral halls, roads, rivers, bridges, village passes, farms, Wells, graves, almost everywhere. It made the stone dogs watch, watched physical homes, and watched the spiritual homes. With the heat, the original stone lions were also difficult to replace the stone dogs, so, there is a great view of Leizhou stone dogs, it was the unique phenomenon that spread so far.

唯物史观

历史上，南北朝是一个大发展的时期，也是士族最为兴盛的时期。撇开神话传说，按照唯物史观，陈文玉应是出身于大族人家，在那个没有现代各种“主义”的时代，宗族血缘关系在力量集结与形成方面居于主导地位，其宗族相当程度上是雷州半岛地区的控制性力量，横跨南朝，隋朝和唐朝，进一步整合雷州半岛，彻底结束雷州族群混战与历来行政辐射不力的局面，才取得伟大唐朝“立我边疆，宁我黎庶”的评价，对于边疆的拓展与巩固，功勋彪炳。他身任刺史，应是掌握当地的军政宗教大权于一身的一把手，具有相当充分的自由裁量权（这个符合贞观之治的开放与包容精神），否则，难有如此大建树。可以说，公元642年，即陈文玉谢世后第四年，唐太宗李世民下令为陈文玉立庙，并褒奖：“养晦数十年，恶事非君”；“ 受父母邦，德政彰明”。

Historical materialism

In history, the Northern and Southern Dynasties was a period of great development, and also the most prosperous period of the gentry. Quite apart from the myths and legends, according to the historical materialism, Chen wen-yu should be born in a big family. In an age without all the current isms, clan kinship was the key factor to occupy and form the power, their clan was considerably control force of the Leizhou peninsula, across the Southern Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, they further integrate Leizhou Peninsula, thoroughly ended Leizhou groups melee, and improved administrative radiation, and was honored by great Tang Dynasty’s court---“To establish the frontier, and pacify the people.” It was a great job for the expansion and consolidation of frontier. He mastered the authority as a local administrator who was in charge of army, government and religion, he ought to have enough discretion to achieve success, it was in keeping with opening and tolerance of Government of Zhenguan. It can be said that in 642 AD, the fourth year after Chen wenyu's death, Li shimin, emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty, ordered to set up the temple for Chen wenyu, and praised him for his deeds: “Hided several decades as a great man”;  “As an administrator, morality and achievement were all excellent".

　　从雷祖祠的规模与格调来看，陈文玉时期，也是雷州古代历史上最为辉煌的时期，此后历代，未有超越，有文字记载，自此后，雷州数度衰落，以南宋最为低潮，户数最少时不过600户，后来，才恢复人口大迁入，现在的雷州人，绝大多数都是宋以后大迁徒而来的，而石狗，就在在守望中迎接这些先民，并一直守望他们的成长与生生不息。

Judging from the size and style of Lei father temple, Chen wen-yu period, also was the most glorious period in the history of ancient Leizhou, since all previous dynasties, it had no transcendence, recorded, since then, Leizhou decline times, the situation was worst in southern Song Dynasty when the number of households was under 600. Later, more and more people immigrated to Leizhou again, and stone dogs greeted the ancestors with keeping watch, and always watch for their growth and life.

　　我想，雷州石狗不仅守望，还会重生。

I think, Leizhou stone dogs not only watch, but also regenerate.

　　有些狮化，又有鹰的元素，就叫鹰狮狗吧，可凶着呢！

Some of them look like lions, and there's some eagle elements, and there's the deep eye socket,call it “eagle-lion dog”, but it's fierce!

代表作之一。

It is one of the representative works.

乖乖！

Honey!

俯视下的三元塔公园

Overlooking the Sanyuan tower park

三元塔俯视下的"洋田"

"Ocean field" under the view of the Sanyuan tower