茶的制作与冲泡

南方的狼

<p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25.5px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.816px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我国是世界上茶类最多的国家之一,在千余年来的生产实践中,劳动人民在茶叶加工方面积累了丰富的经验,对茶的分类方法有很多,分出来的类别也各有不同,</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25.5px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.816px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25.5px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.816px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中国名茶千百种,究其细节,现在一个最主要分类方法,就是六大茶系分类,是茶界最广泛的基础知识。分别是绿茶、白茶、黄茶、青茶、红茶、黑茶。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 27.2px; widows: 1; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">绿茶:不发酵 讲究新鲜</strong></span></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">绿茶的特点是鲜叶采摘后<strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">高温迅速灭掉其中酶类,抑制茶多酚氧化</strong>。所以绿茶具有“三绿”的特点:干茶绿,茶汤绿,冲泡后的叶底也是绿色的。&nbsp;<br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">喝法:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">绿茶一般冲泡水温以85℃为宜。冲泡时间以2~3分钟为好。绿茶与水的比例以1∶50为宜。在茶具方面,可以选用瓷杯或透明玻璃杯,冲泡时不要盖盖子。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">【最适合人群】</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">适合工作忙碌、用电脑较多的青年人;体质偏热、胃火旺、精力充沛的人也可多饮用;</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">注意:绿茶营养丰富,但对肠胃刺激较大,所以过敏体质、脾胃虚寒者,神经虚弱者、易失眠者晚上不适合。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">名茶:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">西湖龙井、黄山毛峰、洞庭碧螺春等。</span></span></h3></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">白茶:微发酵 制作简单</span></strong></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">白茶是制作较为简单的一种茶类,经两三天纯天然酝酿而成,微发酵,不促进也不抑制茶多酚的氧化。白茶干茶多白毫,远远看去,就像一座白雪皑皑的小山,因此得名white tea。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">如果是盖碗冲泡,坐杯(每次冲泡茶叶的浸泡时间)的时间长一些汤色会是浅黄色或者杏黄色。<strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">白茶干茶看起来太绿或者太红都是不对的</strong>,这些都说明了制作工艺上的缺陷。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">喝法:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">泡白茶很简单,选用沸水,抓一撮丢杯子,泡。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">【最适合人群】</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">适合精神紧张、压力大者;少年儿童喝白茶有利于保护眼睛。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">名茶:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">白毫银针、白牡丹等。</span></span></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 27.2px; widows: 1; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">黄茶:轻发酵 “闷”黄</span></strong></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">黄茶很少见,。黄茶在像绿茶一样杀青之后,通过湿热和干热两种方式让绿茶的茶叶变黄。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">喝法:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">黄茶可用少量90℃的水冲泡30秒~1分钟,再冲至八分满,2~3分钟后即可饮用。在饮用后留1/3的水量以便第二泡。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">【最适合人群】</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">适合消化不良,食欲不振者。</span></span></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 27.2px; widows: 1; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">名茶:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); word-wrap: break-word !important;">君山银针、霍山黄芽等。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 27.2px; widows: 1; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">青茶:半发酵 特点折中</span></strong></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section> <h3>青茶也叫乌龙茶,属于半发酵茶,但是这个“半”是不怎么准确的。因为在乌龙茶中,发酵程度最轻的包种茶快接近绿茶了,发酵程度最重的东方美人茶快接近红茶了(这两种极端的茶都是台湾的)。乌龙茶产量最大的是福建,大众熟知的铁观音和大红袍都属于乌龙茶。 喝法:泡乌龙茶选用容易茶水分离的器皿(盖碗、一壶一杯或者飘逸杯),且一定要用100℃的沸水,冲泡后要加盖。注意,每一次冲泡都要将其中的茶汤倒干净才不会影响下一泡的滋味。 【最适合人群】适宜人群最广,尤其适合需要减肥、吃得过饱、心情急躁的人。 名茶:安溪铁观音、台湾冻顶乌龙等 红茶:全发酵 茶汤红亮<br></h3> <h3>萎凋、揉捻、发酵都是为了促进红茶中的茶多酚氧化。红茶的茶汤红亮、叶底也是红色的。只是红茶在干燥的过程中,由于水分的散失,茶叶表面的茶色素颜色加深因此红茶的干茶是黑色的。 喝法:泡红茶最好用刚煮沸的水,冲泡时间以3~5分钟为佳。红茶最好用玻璃杯来冲泡,可使用中投法,先在杯中倒入大约1/10的热水烫杯,再投入3~5克茶叶,然后再沿玻璃杯壁倒水进行冲泡。最后注意,红茶不要喝新茶,要放置半个月后饮用。 【最适合人群】最适合身体较虚、脾胃功能差、手脚发凉者饮用者,红茶是调饮的最佳选择。 名茶:祁门红茶、滇红等。 黑茶:后发酵 茶马古道<br></h3> <h3>同样是促进茶多酚氧化和内质转变的茶,黑茶和红茶的不同在于:红茶的酶促反应动力来自茶叶自身的酶,而黑茶来自微生物产生的酶。所以黑茶称之为抑制茶叶自身酶活而促进微生物活动的后发酵茶。黑茶具有一定促进消化和调节肠道微生物菌群等作用。 喝法:喝黑茶如果是粗老的原料可以煮着喝,如果是嫩的原料可以用100℃沸水冲泡喝。 【最适合人群】去脂解腻效果强,适合肥胖、血糖高、血脂高、抽烟喝酒、便秘的人。由于性质温和,虚寒体质者较适合。 名茶:云南普洱、安化黑茶等。<br></h3>