现在完成时态

思迈特英语

现在完成时态 ( have / has + done )

用法一：

表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果. (强调过去动作与现在的联系----可以使用结束性动词)

常用的时间状语：just, never , ever, before, already, yet, recently / lately , once , twice, so far, up to / till now up till today ....

(都是比较模糊笼统的时间；如果是具体的过去的时间就只能用一般过去式了)

1) The train has just left the station.

2) I have read the book Tom Sawyer’s Adventure before.

3) They have built a number of bridges over the river this year.

4) Poor Jack has just lost the key to the

door. Now he can’t enter the house.

用法二：

表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。

(必须使用延续性动词)

只与表示一段时间的状语连用:for days / weeks / months / years / ages , since two years ago, in ( over/ during ) the past / last / recent ten years,

since he moved to SZ….)

1) I have lived in Shenzhen for 10 years.

2) We have studied in this school since 6

years ago.

3)We've been friends since our childhood.

4)Over the past few years, bicycle sharing

has been very common in our daily life.

区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.

一. 延续性动词如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.         

You can keep the book for 5 days.  

这里要纠正同学们一个错误认识: 看到句子中有一段时间，就必须得用现在完成时。其实这是错误的。

延续性动词除了用在现在完成时态，还可用于其他任何时态。比如:

I once worked in Wuhan for 8 years. (一般过去时)

I will stay in Hong Kong for another week. (一般将来时态)

二.非延续性动词也称结束性动词或瞬间动词, 是不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。这类动词不能和for, since 短语或how long 等表一段的时间状语连用，如:

open, close, begin, start, finish, die, leave,

come, go, arrive ,join, borrow, lend, buy ,

happen, take place, get married , 等。

三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：  

① 改成 be +表状态的形容词或副词

leave --- be away,     begin/start --- be on,  

die --- be dead,      finish --- be over 

fall ill --- be ill,     get up---be up,       

come here -- be here,    go there -- be there,  

become --- be,      come back -- be back,

fall asleep ---be asleep,

get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),   

get married --be married 

join --- be in / be a member of+组织机构  

② 完全换成另外一个表延续的动词

borrow -- keep, 

open sth -- keep sth open,

put on→ wear  

buy --- have, 

catch a cold →have a cold

同一个 idea 可用 4 种不同句式来表达

1)The cat died 4 days ago.                

2)The cat has been dead for 4 days.   

3)It has been /is 4 years since the cat died. 

4)Four years has passed since the cat died.     

现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别

(都表示过去发生的事）

1.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，简言之: 利用过去， 说明现在。不能和具体的过去时间状语连用。

2.一般过去时只强调过去发生的事或动作。简言之： 仅谈过去， 与现在无关。

与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, in 1999… etc. ）