<p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 一、比喻:用在记叙、说明、描写中,化无形为有形,化抽象为具体,化平淡为生动,化冗长为简洁,化深奥为浅显,给读者留下鲜明、深刻的印象。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 比喻一般由三部分构成,即本体(被比喻的事物)、喻体(作比喻的事物)和比喻词(比喻关系的标志性词语)组成。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (一)比喻的种类</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)明喻:本体和喻体都出现,中间用比喻词“像、似、仿佛、犹如”等联结,有时后面还有“似的”、“一样”等词语配合。明喻的典型形式是:甲像乙。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例如:天上的云奇形怪状,有的像奔马,有的像狮子。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)暗喻:本体喻体都出现,中间用比喻词“是”、“成了”、“变成”等联结,有时暗喻不用比喻词。暗喻的典型形式为:甲是乙。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例如:这是花的海洋。窄窄的木板,是一支飞鸣的利箭。小小的三角帆,是一支彩色的大翅膀。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (3)借喻:不出现本体,直接叙述喻体。借喻的典型形式为甲代乙。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例如:忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (4)博喻:连用几个喻体共同说明一个本体。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例如:层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着些白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞涩地打着朵儿的;正如一粒粒明珠,又如碧天里的星星,又如刚出浴的美人。(“明珠”、“星星”“刚出浴的美人”分别从色彩、光华、感受等角度,抓住光亮、隐约闪烁、清新洁净等相似点来描绘出荷花的美。)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (二)运用比喻应注意的问题</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)、比喻的本体和喻体是两个具有相似点的不同类别的事物,而且喻体必须常见、易懂,能使人清楚地了解本体和喻体之间的比喻和被比喻的关系。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)、比喻要贴切,紧紧抓住本体和喻体之间的相似点。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (3)、比喻要有感情色彩,应当表现出作者的思想感情。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (4)、比喻运用不恰当常常表现为本体和喻体之间没有相似点,或者喻体表达的思想感情不恰当,在运用时应当特别注意避免。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (三)运用比喻的条件</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)甲和乙必须是不同类的事物。下面几种情况不是比喻:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①同类相比。如:她长得像她爸爸。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②表示猜度。如:这本书好像是他的。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ③表示想象。如:我仿佛又回到了二十多年前的孩提时代。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ④表示举例。如:许多花都开放了,像桃花、梨花、杏花。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ⑤比喻义不是比喻。比喻是临时的,比喻义是通过比喻形成的固定的义项。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)甲和乙要有相似点。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例①:列车在飞驰,车厢两旁的树木像排山倒海似的一闪而过。(“排山倒海”形容声势浩大,跟速度没有相似之处,不能用来比喻树木“一闪而过”)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例②:我们的意志像喜马拉雅山一样高。(“意志”与“喜马拉雅山”之间没有相似点,也不构成比喻)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (3)甲和乙感情色彩要一致。下列比喻不够贴切:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例①:敌机逃窜了,我们的飞机紧紧追在后面,像狼追兔子一样,一前一后。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例②:“五四”青年联欢晚会,全校同学像蚂蚁一样挤成一团。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (4)喻体要浅显,易懂,让人一看就明白。下列比喻不够贴切:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例①:他的长相很威武,胡须像平头戟。(“平头戟”是什么,一般人不知道,此处用来比喻“胡须”,令人费解)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (四)比喻与比拟区别</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 比拟和比喻的相似之处在于均涉及甲、乙两事物相比,甲、乙两事物有可“比”性。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 比拟和比喻的不同在于:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)从意义上看,比喻的重点在“喻”,即以此喻彼,就是“打比方”,它突出的是两事物的相似点;比拟的重点则在“拟”,即以此拟彼,就是“比作、当作”,它直接把甲当乙来描述。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)从形式上看,比喻的喻体往往以名词性词语的形式出现,表示一种实体。比拟中起比拟作用的部分则是描述性的,其表现形式为动词性词语或形容性词语。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例①:一轮圆月像玉盘一样嵌在蓝色天幕之中。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 用晶莹、圆润、澄明的“玉盘”比喻“圆月”,使人感到圣洁,令人神往。用“蓝色天幕”比喻“夜空”,描绘了一幅令人心旷神怡的背景。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例②:小草偷偷地从土地里钻出来,嫩嫩地,绿绿的。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 运用“偷偷地”、“钻”两个拟人化的词语形象地写出了小草的生机和活力。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例③:我矗立在原地,久久不动。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 矗立是描写碑石用的词语,这里将我仿拟做碑石描写,借此衬托出我死守岗位的精神</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 二、比拟:把某事物赋予了人的动作神态、思想情感、精神品格,使语言生动形象,富有情趣,引起了读者的强烈共鸣;或把某事物的……特点写得生动形象,色彩鲜明,意蕴丰厚,表达了作者强烈的思想感情,给读者留下了深刻的印象。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 比拟分为拟人和拟物两种:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (一)拟人:就是把物当作人来写,或者用表现人的特性的词语描述物,或者直接把物变成人。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)湖水愈发温柔,愈发安详了——它静静地平躺着,安然地享受着晨雾徐徐的、轻柔的爱抚,那神态,真好像母亲怀中含乳酣睡的婴儿呢。(斯妤《北海的早晨》)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)这一圈小山在冬天特别可爱,好像是把济南放在小摇篮里,它们安静不动地低声地说:“你们放心吧,这儿准保暖和。”(老舍《济南的冬天》)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (3)那花瓶中的花耷拉着脑袋,无精打采的,似乎已断绝了求生的希望。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (4)(帆板)腾跃时,模样像是欢乐;打旋时,模样像是眩晕;倾斜时,模样像是胆怯…((张歧《信念——看帆板表演》)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (5)老人们真幽默,吃着西瓜与夏天告别,说是“啃秋”。人们终于迎来了新秋,迎来了这楚楚动人的新娘子。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (二)拟物:就是把“人”当作“物”来写,使人具有物的动作或情态,或者把甲物当作乙物来写,表达作者某种强烈的爱憎感情。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)我到了自家的房外,我的母亲早已迎着出来了,接着便飞出了八岁的侄儿宏儿。(鲁迅《故乡》)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)坦克后面,“老虎团”的士兵嗷叫着冲了过来。(谢雪畴《“老虎团”的结局》)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (3)还有一问,是:“公理”几块钱一斤?(鲁迅《“公理”之所在》)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (4)咱们老实,才有恶霸,咱们敢动刀,恶霸就得夹着尾巴跑。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 三、借代:以简代繁,以实代虚,以奇代凡,以事代情;突出事物的本质特征,增强语言的形象性,使之更具体、更鲜明,更生动;使文笔简洁精炼,语言富于变化,富有幽默感。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 说话或写文章时不直接说出所要表达的人或事物,而是借用与它有密切相关的人或事物来代替,这种修辞方法叫借代。被替代的叫“本体”,替代的叫“借体”,“本体”不出现,用“借体”来代替。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 借代的种类</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①特征代本体。例如:大胡子凶神恶煞地吼叫着。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②具体代抽象。例如:不拿群众一针一线。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ③专名代泛称。例如:我们的时代需要千千万万个雷锋。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ④人名代著作。例如:我们要多读点鲁迅。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ⑤部分代整体。例如:吟罢低眉无写处,月光如水照缁衣。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ⑥结果代原因。例如:专弄文墨,为壮士捧腹。(捧腹是笑的结果)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ⑦原料代成品。例如:五十年间万事空,懒将白发对青铜。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ⑧地名代本体。例如:延安还是西安?要划清这种界限。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 借代与借喻的异同:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 相同处:借代与借喻都有所代,借代是用借体代本体,借喻是用喻体代本体,本体都不出现。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 不同处:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 1、借代的借体是客观实际中的事物,这个事物与本体有关联;借喻中的喻体与客观现实无关联。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①有缺点的战士终究是战士,完美的苍蝇终究不过是苍蝇。(“苍蝇”借喻“反动的家伙”,“苍蝇”不是眼前的事物,而且与客观现实无关联。)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②百年积弱叹华岁,八载干戈仗延安。(“干戈”“延安”借代“抗日战争”和“中国共产党”,“干戈”是战争中的武器之一,“延安”是中国共产党抗日的根据地,都是与现实有关的事物。)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 2、借代的本体和借体不存在相似性,而借喻的喻体与本体必须有相似性。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①红领巾给老大娘让了座。(“红领巾”借代小学生,但与小学生无相似性,不能说“小学生像红领巾”。)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②离开这个阎王殿!就是饿死也比在这里强。(地主的家和“阎王殿”之间有相似点,所以属于比喻中的借喻。)</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 3、借代不能改为明喻或暗喻,借喻则可以改为明喻和暗喻。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 例如2中的两个句子。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 4、在一篇文章中,如果前面出现了“××像××”地比喻句,后文直接使用喻体,这就成了借代了。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 四、夸张:用言过其实的方法,深刻、生动地揭示事物的本质特征,给人以启迪;或鲜明地表达作者的某种情感和态度,烘托某种气氛,增强语言的生动性和感染力;引起读者丰富的联想和想像,使读者产生强烈的共鸣。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 为了表达强烈的思想感情,突出某种事物的本质特征,运用丰富的想象力,对事物的某些方面着意夸大或缩小,作艺术上的渲染,这种修辞手法叫做夸张。夸张可分为两类、三种形式,即“普通”类和“超前”类,普通类又可分为“夸大”和“缩小”两种形式。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 夸张的三种形式</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (1)扩大夸张。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①白发三千丈,缘愁似个长。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (2)缩小夸张。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①眼光正像两把刀,刺得老栓缩小了一半。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②五岭逶迤腾细浪,乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> (3)超前夸张。例如:</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ①看见这样鲜绿的麦苗,就嗅出白面馍馍的香味来了。</h3><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; width: 688px; text-indent: 2em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> ②未饮心先醉,眼中流血,心内成灰。</h3>