十人九痔一个不可忽视的话题

仲超祥

<h3>主要内容 一、肛门直肠的简单解剖知识 二、痔疮的发病原因和治疗 三、痔疮的预防和饮食调节<br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 1.5px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; white-space: normal; widows: 2;">一、肛门直肠的简单解剖知识&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; white-space: normal; widows: 2;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人体消化系统简单解剖图谱</span></strong><br></h3> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: flex-start; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(33, 33, 34); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">发生在肛门和大肠的疾病统称肛肠疾病。</span></h3></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: flex-start; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(33, 33, 34); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖全国肛门直肠疾病普查:肛门直肠疾病的发病率为</span>50.1%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></span></h3></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: flex-start; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(33, 33, 34); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖肛肠疾病的发病,以成年人居多,随着年龄增长而增多,呈阶梯形上升。</span></h3></section></section> <p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 9px; line-height: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 1.8; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">肛管的简单解剖图谱</span></strong></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></h3> <h3><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">齿线:</span></strong></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖ 肛管重要的“三八”线</span></strong></h3><section class="" data-style="color:rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size:14px; text-align:inherit; text-decoration:inherit" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖ 齿线以上叫<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); word-wrap: break-word !important;">内痔</span></span></strong></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖ 齿线以下叫<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); word-wrap: break-word !important;">外痔</span></span></strong></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖ 齿线上下均有叫<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); word-wrap: break-word !important;">混合痔</span></span></strong></h3></section> <h3>排便的神经传导 是液体? 还是气体?<br></h3> <h3>二、痔疮的发病原因和治疗 人为什么会得痔疮? ❖与人体的直立状态有关 ❖与痔静脉无瓣膜有关 ❖感染 ❖便秘和排便时间长 ❖饮食 ❖其他疾病:如妊娠、门静脉高压、肺气肿、心脏病<br></h3> <section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="2280" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-width="50%" style="padding-right: 0.1em; max-width: 100%; width: 164px; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-style="color:rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size:14px; text-align:inherit; text-decoration:inherit" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;痔的分类</span></strong></span></h3></section></section><section class="" data-width="50%" style="padding-left: 0.1em; max-width: 100%; width: 164px; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.6109324758842444" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibGK5jq3ReFbp87aiavuv4ibEKwIgABGOzmgHILclu2tJNh6BO10QWkb0iar4pnlXeS282H4utUwibJc9TEvyERN6ug/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="311" _width="311px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibGK5jq3ReFbp87aiavuv4ibEKwIgABGOzmgHILclu2tJNh6BO10QWkb0iar4pnlXeS282H4utUwibJc9TEvyERN6ug/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 311px !important; visibility: visible !important;"><section class="" data-style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px;" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;❖&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">内痔</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;❖&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">外痔</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;❖ 混合痔</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">内痔分四期</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;第一期:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">无明显自觉症状,仅于排便时出现带血、滴血现象,便后可自行停止。肛门镜检查,在齿状线上可见粘膜呈结节状突起。</span></h3></section> <h3><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">❖&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 176, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二期:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">常有便血</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">排便时间歇性带血、滴血或喷血,排便时有痔脱出,便后可自行还纳。</span><br></h3> <h3>❖ 第三期:可有便血,排便或久站及咳嗽、劳累、负重时有痔脱出,需用手还纳。<br></h3> <h3>❖ 第四期:可有便血,痔持续脱出,不能还纳,淤血水肿,严重时坏死破溃,继发感染或大出血。 <br></h3> <h3> 内痔的症状? ❖出血 ❖脱出 ❖坠胀 ❖疼痛 ❖潮湿、瘙痒 外痔的分类 ❖(1)血栓性外痔 ❖(2)静脉曲张性外痔 ❖(3)结缔组织性外痔 ❖(4)炎性外痔 痔的治疗方法 ❖ 一般治疗:忌辛辣、饮酒,预防便秘 ❖ 保守治疗:槐角丸、麻仁丸、各类栓剂洗剂(止血、止痛、收敛、消炎) ❖ 注射治疗:1:1消痔灵注射液 ❖ 手术治疗:传统手术、激光、大力神、PPH手术等 ❖ 微创手术: 我院微创手术的特点 ①、做手术不疼、有长效止疼针 ②、一次行治愈、术后不复发 ③、住院时间短、 手术很安全 对比 排便的神经传导 外剥……皮肤对合整齐美观 内扎……保持排便精细功 <br></h3> <h3>三、痔疮的预防和饮食调节 1、加强锻炼: 经常参加多种体育活动如广播体操、太极拳、气功等,能够增强机体的抗病能力,减少疾病发生的可能,对于痔疮也有一定的预防作用。 ❖ 这是因为体育锻炼有益于血液循环,可以调和人体气血,促进胃肠蠕动,改善盆腔充血,防止大便秘结,预防痔疮。<br></h3> <h3>、自我按摩: ❖ 临睡前用手自我按摩尾骨尖的长强穴,每次约5分钟,可以疏通经络,改善肛门血液循环。<br></h3> <h3>3、”纳谷道“(俗称提肛): ❖ 用意念有意识地向上收缩肛门,早晚各1次,每次做30次,这是一种内按摩的方法,有运化瘀血,锻炼肛门括约肌,升提中气的作用。 经常运用,可以改善痔静脉回流,对于痔疮的预防和自我治疗均有一定的作用。<br></h3> <h3>4、预防便秘: ❖ 正常人每日大便1次,大便时间有早、中、晚饭后的不同习惯。正常排出的大便是成形软便,不干不稀,排便时不感到排便困难,便后有轻松舒适的感觉,这表明胃肠功能良好。 如果大便秘结坚硬,不仅排便困难,而且由于粪便堆积肠腔,肛门直肠血管内压力增高,血液回流障碍而使痔静脉丛曲张形成痔疮。<br></h3> <h3>5、养成定时排便的习惯:</h3><h3>❖ 健康人直肠内通常没有粪便,随早晨起床引起的直立反射,早餐引起的胃、结肠反射,结肠可产生强烈的“集团蠕动”,将粪便推入直肠,直肠内粪便蓄积到一定量,便产生便意。所以最好能养成每天晨起就排便的好习惯。<br></h3> <h3>6、保持肛门周围清洁: ❖ 肛门、直肠、乙状结肠是贮存和排泄粪便的地方,粪便中含有许多细菌,肛门周围很容易受到这些细菌的污染,诱发肛门周围汗腺、皮脂腺感染,而生疮疖、脓肿 ❖ 女性阴道与肛门相邻,阴道分泌物较多,可刺激肛门皮肤,诱发痔疮。因此,应经常保持肛门周围的清洁,每日温水熏洗,勤换内裤,可起到预防痔疮的作用。<br></h3> <h3>7、注意孕期保健: ❖ 妇女妊娠后可致腹压增高,特别是妊娠后期,下腔静脉受日益膨大的子宫压迫,直接影响痔静脉的回流,容易诱发痔疮。 ❖ 另外怀孕妇女一般活动量相对减少,引起胃肠功能减弱,粪便停留于肠腔,粪便中的水分被重吸收,引起大便干燥,诱发痔疮。 ❖ 因此怀孕期间应适当增加活动,避免久站、久坐,并注意保持大便的通畅,每次大便后用温水熏洗肛门局部,改善肛门局部血液循环,对于预防痔疮是十分有益的。<br></h3> <h3>8、多吃粗纤维食物 : ❖ 在饮食当中(主食),多吃玉米粥、大米、红薯等富含植物纤维多的粗粮; ❖ 在蔬菜当中(付食),多吃白菜、韭菜、麦苋菜、芹菜、萝卜、马铃薯、菠萝等富含纤维素的蔬菜和水果(蔬菜、水果比粮谷的含水量多)。<br></h3> <h3>9、服用蜂蜜有利于排便 : ❖ 便秘病人和肛肠病术后适当的食用蜂蜜可以起到软化大便的作用,但要把握一个量。每日食用50-150g蜂蜜,不可多吃,不然会腹泻。<br></h3> <h3>10、服用坚果可以通便 ❖ 含脂肪丰富的坚果可以起到通便作用,常见的含脂肪丰富的坚果有核桃仁、花生米、芝麻、大豆等,均有良好的通便作用。<br></h3> <h3>11、饮食禁忌要点: ❖ 忌食一切辛辣刺激性食物,如酒、葱、大蒜、辣椒等;而应食含纤维素丰富的食物,如青菜、竹笋等。 ❖ 忌鱼、虾、蟹等发物及油煎熏烤的食物; 宜多食清淡易于消的食物及新鲜水果和新鲜蔬菜。<br></h3> <h3>  12、避免滥用泻药: ❖ 滥用泻药会使肠道的敏感性减弱,形成对某些泻药的依赖性,造成便秘。 ❖ 长期服用便秘药物可造成结肠黑变病,甚至造成恶变的可能。<br></h3>