直肠癌与痔疮的区别

仲超祥

<h3>直肠癌早期和痔疮的症状有一些相似之处,有不少直肠癌患者在发病早期以为自己得的是痔疮,未予以治疗,等到症状严重了才来就诊,耽误了治疗的最佳时间。由于痔疮和直肠癌的发病部位相近,两者也都有便血的表现,故患者容易混淆,那么今天就来谈一下直肠癌与痔疮的鉴别。<br></h3> <section data-role="paragraph" class="" helvetica="helvetica" neue="neue" pingfang="pingfang" sc="sc" hiragino="hiragino" sans="sans" gb="gb" microsoft="microsoft" yahei="yahei" ui="ui" arial="arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size:="font-size:" px="px" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" text-align:="text-align:" justify="justify" border:="border:" none="none" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: -1px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">首先看一下直肠癌的流行病学数据</h3></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88405" helvetica="helvetica" neue="neue" pingfang="pingfang" sc="sc" hiragino="hiragino" sans="sans" gb="gb" microsoft="microsoft" yahei="yahei" ui="ui" arial="arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size:="font-size:" px="px" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" text-align:="text-align:" justify="justify" border:="border:" none="none" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 2.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; width: 2.5em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(158, 158, 158); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em; margin-left: 2em; max-width: 100%; height: 1.4em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(158, 158, 158); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); line-height: 1.8;" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); line-height: 1.8; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;结直肠癌是世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,根据中国国家癌症中心的数据统计显示2015年我国结直肠癌的新发病例属为<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">37.63</span>万人,直肠癌死亡患者<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">19.10</span>万人。结直肠癌在近<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>年间的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。我国结直肠癌在地域分布上东部地区发病率最高,此外依次是中部、南部、西南、东北、北部,发病率最低的是西北地区。(中华结直肠疾病电子杂志<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2017</span>年<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span>月)</span></h3></section></section></section></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" helvetica="helvetica" neue="neue" pingfang="pingfang" sc="sc" hiragino="hiragino" sans="sans" gb="gb" microsoft="microsoft" yahei="yahei" ui="ui" arial="arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size:="font-size:" px="px" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" text-align:="text-align:" justify="justify" border:="border:" none="none" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-bottom: -1px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">直肠癌与痔疮的鉴别</h3></section></section><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88405" helvetica="helvetica" neue="neue" pingfang="pingfang" sc="sc" hiragino="hiragino" sans="sans" gb="gb" microsoft="microsoft" yahei="yahei" ui="ui" arial="arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size:="font-size:" px="px" letter-spacing:="letter-spacing:" text-align:="text-align:" justify="justify" border:="border:" none="none" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 2.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; width: 2.5em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(158, 158, 158); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em; margin-left: 2em; max-width: 100%; height: 1.4em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(158, 158, 158); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section style="padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); line-height: 1.8;" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); line-height: 1.8; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">便血</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌和痔疮都可出现便血,但两者的便血是不同的。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;痔疮的便血多是间歇性,通常在大便干结或进食辛辣刺激食物后出现,血色鲜红,量不多,随大便排出后滴下,血液与大便不相混合,多表现为大便表面带血,便后手纸带血。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌的便血多为暗红色或果酱色,一般为每次大便都带血,且因为癌细胞破坏直肠粘膜而有粘液分泌,粘液与大便相混,称之为粘液血便或脓血便。</span></h3></section></section></section></section></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="2" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">排便习惯的改变</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;痔疮患者的排便习惯一般不会改变,可能会在进食辛辣刺激油腻食物导致痔疮加重的同时,会有便秘的情况出现,但调整饮食后往往可以恢复正常。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌患者排便习惯明显改变,表现为排便次数增多,里急后重,便意频繁,有排便不尽感,或便秘与腹泻交替出现,同时由于肿瘤在肠腔的占位,直肠癌患者大便会变细、变扁,或者大便性状改变(如大便表面带沟槽)。在病程后期,如果肿瘤完全堵住肠道,则大便不能下行,故中医称之为“锁肛痔”,同时会出现腹痛、腹胀、肠鸣音亢进等肠梗阻征象。</span></h3></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="3" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">发病年龄</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;痔疮可发生在各个年龄段,多发生在20岁以上群体。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌的发病年龄<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 28.8px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">近年来</span>虽然有年轻化的趋势,但总体而言对于发病人群来讲,年龄呈现正态分布趋势,主要集中在60~74岁的年龄范围,占总体发病人数的<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">41.23%</span>,而<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">45</span>岁以上发病的患者占所有结直肠癌新发病例的<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">93.28%。</span>(中华结直肠疾病电子杂志<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2017</span>年<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span>月)</span></h3></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="4" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">软硬程度及脱出</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;痔疮便血多为间歇性,有时还会有肿块从肛门脱出,脱出的痔核,触之柔软,大多数情况下可以自行回纳或用手托回,少数情况下会发生嵌顿。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌作为恶性肿瘤,肿块位置固定且触之质地较硬,退指指套沾有血液、脓液、粘液等,一般不会从肛门脱出。</span></h3></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="5" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">短期内有无明显体重减轻</strong></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;痔疮患者,如果没有其他合并疾病,一般情况下不会出现短期内体重明显下降的表现。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌患者由于肿瘤的消耗,会出现短期内不明原因的体重明显减轻,并伴有疲劳乏力、贫血等症状。</span></h3> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="6" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有无转移征象</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;直肠癌至晚期会出现转移征象,侵犯膀胱、尿道、阴道等周围脏器时出现尿路刺激症状、阴道流出粪液、骶部及会阴部疼痛、下肢水肿等。转移到其他脏器会有相应的临床表现。</span></h3></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="7" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鉴别金标准</strong></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;病理活检,是鉴别痔疮和直肠癌的金标准。</span></h3> <h3>筛查 1 指诊 直肠指诊是最简单有效的筛查方法,也是初步诊断、早期发现直肠癌最重要的方法,80%以上的直肠癌(尤其是直肠下段癌)均可以在直肠指诊时触及。所以不要忽视直肠指诊,建议40岁以上人群每年至少做一次直肠指诊。<br></h3> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85816" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; color: inherit; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 45px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" data-num="3" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</strong></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 28px; max-width: 100%; border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-brushtype="text" class="" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">肠镜</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 2; border: 0px none; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;通过肠镜能直视结直肠内部,观察肿块的形态,上下缘及距肛门缘的距离,同时可取病理送检,确定肿块性质及分化程度。位于直肠中、上段癌肿,手指无法触到,采用乙状结肠镜检是一种较好的方法。同样建议有家族史或者年龄达到50岁以上的中老年人应该做定期筛查。</span></h3></section>