<h3>今天，人类失去了一位伟大的科学家。</h3><div><br></div><div>英国物理学家史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）于3月14日去世，享年76岁。</div><div><br></div><div>《卫报》写道：</div><div><br></div><div>Stephen Hawking, the brightest star in the firmament of science, whose insights shaped modern cosmology and inspired global audiences in the millions, has died aged 76.</div><div>76岁的史蒂芬·霍金去世，科学苍穹上一颗最闪耀的明星陨落了。他的研究和洞见塑造了现代宇宙论，也启迪了世界无数读者。</div> <h3>的家中去世的。</h3><div><br></div><div>霍金的子女在声明中说：</div><div><br></div><div>We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.</div><div>今天，亲爱的父亲去世了，我们感到万分悲痛。</div><div><br></div><div>He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humour inspired people across the world.</div><div>他是一个伟大的科学家，也是一个杰出的人。他的研究和遗产将影响后世。他的勇气和毅力，以及他出众的才华和幽默感影响了世界各地的人们。</div><div><br></div><div>He once said: "It would not be much of a universe if it wasn’t home to the people you love." We will miss him for ever.</div><div>他曾说：“如果宇宙不是你所爱的人的家，那宇宙就没有什么意义了。”我们会永远想念他。</div> <h3>奉献给物理的一生</h3> <h3>霍金出生于1942年1月8日，那天正是伽利略300年忌日。</h3><div><br></div><div>而他去世的3月14日，又恰巧是爱因斯坦的生日。</div> <h3>少年霍金</h3><div><br></div><div>也许这就是霍金与物理的缘分。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金将其一生献给对物理的思考和宇宙之谜的探索，他曾说过：</div><div><br></div><div>My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.</div><div>我的目标很简单，就是把整个宇宙整明白。它为何存在，它为何如此。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金已去，但是他的成就将同永恒的时间一样，永留简史。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金的代表作有《时间简史》（A Brief History of Time）、《果壳里的宇宙》（The Universe in a Nutshell）和《大设计》（The Grand Design）。</div> <h3>He skyrocketed to the public prominence in 1988, when he published his first general-audience book, A Brief Hisotoy of Time.</h3><div>在他1988年出版第一部面向大众的书籍《时间简史》之后，一夜之间成为万众瞩目的焦点人物。</div> <h3>Stephen Hawking, Art by @jgil_illustrations (Instagram)</h3><div><br></div><div>《果壳的宇宙》的书名则源自于莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》台词：</div><div><br></div><div>I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space.</div><div>即使被囚禁在果壳之中，我仍然自以为是无限空间之王。</div><div><br></div><div>他的代表学说有黑洞理论、奇性定理、量子宇宙论、宇宙膨胀说等等。</div><div><br></div><div>With fellow physicist Roger Penrose, Hawking merged Einstein's theory of relativity with quantum theory to suggest that space and time would begin with the Big Bang and end in black holes. </div><div>霍金和物理学家罗杰·彭罗斯一起，将爱因斯坦的相对论与量子论结合，指出宇宙和时间的产生是由于宇宙大爆炸，而一切将终结于黑洞。</div><div><br></div><div>Hawking also discovered that black holes are not completely black but emit radiation and will likely eventually evaporate and disappear.</div><div>他还发现黑洞并不完全是黑的，而是在释放着辐射，并且最终将消失。</div> <h3>Hawking was not, perhaps, the greatest physicist of his time, but in cosmology he was a towering figure. </h3><div>也许霍金不是他那个时代最伟大的物理学家，但在宇宙学方面，它是当之无愧的巨人。</div><div><br></div><div>cosmology [kɑz'mɑlədʒi]：宇宙学</div><div><br></div><div>55年前，医生说他最多活两年</div> <h3>1963年，21岁的霍金被确诊为患有罕见的肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症（ALS），也被称为运动神经元病或鲁盖瑞氏症，俗称“渐冻人症”。</h3><div><br></div><div>Hawking suffered from ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), a neurodegenerative disease commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, which is usually fatal within a few years. </div><div>霍金患有ALS（肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症），一种神经退化性疾病，也称鲁盖瑞氏症，这种疾病通常在几年内即可致命。</div> <h3>霍金与结发30年的第一任妻子Jane Wilde</h3><div><br></div><div>渐冻人症主要是运动神经元受到损伤，导致四肢、躯干、胸腹部的肌肉逐渐无力乃至萎缩，致使全身瘫痪：</div><div><br></div><div>The disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for virtually everything -- bathing, dressing, eating, even speech.</div><div>这种病使得霍金瘫痪在轮椅上。他全身能动的部位只有一只手的几根手指，几乎所有的事情——洗澡、穿衣、吃饭，甚至说话——他都要完全依赖他人，或工具的帮助。</div> <h3>1986年的霍金</h3><div><br></div><div>当时，医生诊断霍金最多只能活两年，然而霍金却奇迹般地活了五十多年，而这很可能与他顽强的意志与乐观的心态有关。他曾在网上写道：</div><div><br></div><div>"I have been lucky that my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case. But it shows that one need not lose hope."</div><div>“我很幸运，我的病情比通常情况下要恶化得慢。这表明人不需要失去希望。”</div><div><br></div><div>霍金的幽默感</div> <h3>虽然霍金全身瘫痪，不能言语，但他的人生并不因此而灰暗苦涩，相反，他经常给人们带来惊喜和欢笑。</h3><div><br></div><div>For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humour that marked him out as much as the broken body and synthetic voice that came to symbolise the unbounded possibilities of the human mind.</div><div>虽然霍金残缺的躯体和他合成的声音已成为他的标志，展现着人类大脑无法被束缚的可能，但对于霍金的同行和他的至亲们来说，他与生俱来的直觉和黑色幽默才更是他的显著标签。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>他</div> <h3>他有着一颗充满娱乐精神的心，经常在各种影视剧里客串……等等</h3> <h3>霍金的惊世之言</h3> <h3>霍金的智慧也体现在他的语录中。</h3><div><br></div><div>关于人类联络外星人</div><div><br></div><div>If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans. </div><div>如果外星人造访地球，结局可能和哥伦布发现美洲大陆一样，后者对于当时的美洲原住民来说可不是个好事。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>关于科学发现中灵感迸发、豁然开朗的瞬间</div><div>（the Eureka moment）：</div><div><br></div><div>I wouldn’t compare it to sex, but it lasts longer.</div><div>我不想把它和性爱相比，不过它的持久性更长一些。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>关于残疾</div><div><br></div><div>If you are disabled, it is probably not your fault, but it is no good blaming the world or expecting it to take pity on you. One has to have a positive attitude and must make the best of the situation that one finds oneself in; if one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically disabled as well.</div><div>如果你患有残疾，这也许不是你的错，但抱怨社会，或指望他人的怜悯，毫无益处。一个人要有积极的态度，要最大限度地利用现状。生理上有残疾的人，可不能再让自己在心理上也残疾了。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>关于命运和个人的意志</div><div><br></div><div>I have noticed that even people who claim everything is predetermined and that we can do nothing to change it, look before they cross the road.</div><div>我发现，虽然有的人认为凡事天注定，我们做什么都改变不了，但他们在过马路的时候，还是会注意看车。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>还有霍金对自己孩子说过的话，从这寥寥数语中，你能看到这位科学家的情怀。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金给自己孩子的建议</div><div><br></div><div>One, remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.</div><div>一、记住要抬头仰望星星，不要低头看着自己的脚。</div><div><br></div><div>Two, never give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty without it.</div><div>二、绝不要放弃工作。工作给了你意义和目标。没有工作的人生是空洞的。</div><div><br></div><div>Three, if you are lucky enough to find love, remember it is there and don't throw it away.</div><div>三、如果你有幸能找到爱情，记住它一直都在，不要随便将它抛弃。</div>