小学英语1-6年级要点知识点汇总(期末特别整理)

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<h3>第一部分:基础知识</h3><div><br></div><div> 1.字母:26个字母的大小写</div><div>  ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ</div><div>  abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</div><div> 2.语音:元音的发音</div><div>  五个元音字母:AEIOU</div><div>  12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ] </div><div>中元音:[ɜ:] [ə] </div><div> 后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ] </div><div> 双元音(8个) </div><div> Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi] </div><div> Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə] </div><div> </div><div>  3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词</div><div>  4.句子:大小写,标点符号</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>第二部分:语法知识</div><div><br></div><div>一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格</div><div>  (一)名词单复数</div><div>  1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds</div><div>  2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches</div><div>  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries</div><div>  4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives</div><div>  5.不规则名词复数:</div><div>  man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice</div><div>  child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese</div><div>  不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea</div><div>  (二)名词的格</div><div>  (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:</div><div>  a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt</div><div>  b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags</div><div>  c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes</div><div>  l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:</div><div>  Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车</div><div>  l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s</div><div>  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车</div><div>  (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:</div><div>  a picture of the classroom a map of China</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>第二部分:语法知识</div><div><br></div><div>二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:</div><div>  (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle</div><div>  元音开头的可数名词前用an :</div><div>  an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /</div><div>  (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane</div><div>  2. 用法:</div><div>  定冠词的用法:</div><div>  (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.</div><div>  (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.</div><div>  (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.</div><div>  (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.</div><div>  (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening</div><div>  不用冠词的情况:</div><div>  (1)专有名词前:China is a big country.</div><div>  (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:</div><div>  This is my baseball.</div><div>  (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.</div><div>  (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.</div><div>  (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.</div><div>  (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.</div><div>  * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.</div><div>  (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.</div><div>  (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.</div><div>  (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus</div> 第二部分:语法知识三、代词、形容词、副词  代词:人称代词,物主代词  人称代词物主代词  主格宾格  第一  人称单数I(我)memy(我的)  复数we(我们)usour(我们的)  第二  人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)  复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)  第三  人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)  she(她)herher(她的)  it(它)itits(它的)  复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)  形容词,副词:比较级,最高级  (一)、形容词的比较级  1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。  2.形容词加er的规则:  ⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;  ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;  ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;  ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。  3.不规则形容词比较级:  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful  (二)副词的比较级  1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后  ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后  2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)第二部分:语法知识四、数词:基数词、序数词  (1)1-20  one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty  (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。  23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one  (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;  586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three  (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion  1,001→one thousand and one  18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three  6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine  750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion  序数词  (1)一般在基数词后加th  eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth  (2)不规则变化  one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth  (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th  twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth  (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。  twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth  基数词转为序数词的口诀:  基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.  一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.  八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。  ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.  若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。第二部分:语法知识五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等  1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。  at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)  2.on  1)表示具体日期。  注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:  at(on)the weekend在周末---特指  at(on)weekends在周末---泛指  over the weekend在整个周末  during the weekend在周末期间   (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?  2)在(刚……)的时候。  On reaching the city he called up his parents.  一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。  3.in  1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)六、动词:动词的四种时态:  (1)一般现在时:  一般现在时的构成  1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。  2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。  动词+s的变化规则  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies  (2)一般过去时:  动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:  A、规则动词  ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited  ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used  ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)  ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped  B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,  see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,  are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt  (3)一般将来时:  基本结构:  ①be going to + do;  ②will+ do. be going to = will  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.  (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词  动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:  ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating  ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing  ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting <h3>第三部分:句法</h3><div><br></div><div>1.陈述句</div><div>  (1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.</div><div>  There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.</div><div>  (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.</div><div>  He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.</div><div>  He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.</div><div><br></div><div> 2. 疑问句</div><div>  一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。</div><div>  特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。</div><div> 3.There be句型</div><div>  There be 句型与have, has的区别</div><div>  1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)</div><div>  2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。</div><div>  3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。</div><div>  4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。</div><div>  5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。</div><div>  6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。</div><div>  7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:</div><div>  How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?</div><div>  How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?</div><div>  8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:</div><div>  What’s + 介词短语?</div>